{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179842577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2021.1004087","title":"Fighting COVID-19 and Future Pandemics With the Internet of Things: Security and Privacy Perspectives","display_name":"Fighting COVID-19 and Future Pandemics With the Internet of Things: Security and Privacy Perspectives","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179842577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2021.1004087","mag":"3179842577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jas.2021.1004087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2021.1004087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484288132","display_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","issn_l":"2329-9266","issn":["2329-9266","2329-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026903935","display_name":"Mohamed Amine Ferrag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097536","display_name":"University of Guelma","ror":"https://ror.org/00xe6p546","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Amine Ferrag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Guelma University, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Guelma University, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007723627","display_name":"Lei Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6700-9347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119454577","display_name":"Nanjing Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/05td3s095","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51532219","display_name":"University of Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/03yeq9x20","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China","School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119454577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51532219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001746807","display_name":"Kim\u2010Kwang Raymond Choo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9208-5336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems and Cyber Security, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4391,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98334124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"9","first_page":"1477","last_page":"1499"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.663018524646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic","display_name":"Pandemic","score":0.6371216177940369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5782837271690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5442668199539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.543971836566925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.5128524303436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49945664405822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.44917720556259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4177325665950775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3595534563064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.133294939994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1254107654094696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07797065377235413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.663018524646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6371216177940369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5782837271690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5442668199539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.543971836566925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.5128524303436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49945664405822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.44917720556259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4177325665950775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3595534563064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.133294939994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1254107654094696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07797065377235413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jas.2021.1004087","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2021.1004087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484288132","display_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","issn_l":"2329-9266","issn":["2329-9266","2329-9274"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543354430","https://openalex.org/W1966312720","https://openalex.org/W1987380082","https://openalex.org/W2014784356","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2056207325","https://openalex.org/W2074616737","https://openalex.org/W2169061810","https://openalex.org/W2332738317","https://openalex.org/W2497816424","https://openalex.org/W2521899819","https://openalex.org/W2584343393","https://openalex.org/W2605876315","https://openalex.org/W2729021829","https://openalex.org/W2748361805","https://openalex.org/W2749503685","https://openalex.org/W2752243939","https://openalex.org/W2753672491","https://openalex.org/W2771783069","https://openalex.org/W2796495462","https://openalex.org/W2797551374","https://openalex.org/W2800426337","https://openalex.org/W2804426336","https://openalex.org/W2811205501","https://openalex.org/W2901023550","https://openalex.org/W2914768460","https://openalex.org/W2917170086","https://openalex.org/W2923059398","https://openalex.org/W2934305330","https://openalex.org/W2962061783","https://openalex.org/W2962819974","https://openalex.org/W2963748489","https://openalex.org/W2964523010","https://openalex.org/W2972475147","https://openalex.org/W2980609871","https://openalex.org/W2980697058","https://openalex.org/W2989265342","https://openalex.org/W2991507433","https://openalex.org/W2995630772","https://openalex.org/W3000833961","https://openalex.org/W3005404383","https://openalex.org/W3009976289","https://openalex.org/W3013547516","https://openalex.org/W3014725478","https://openalex.org/W3017090255","https://openalex.org/W3020403113","https://openalex.org/W3023617420","https://openalex.org/W3027138609","https://openalex.org/W3035113903","https://openalex.org/W3036422000","https://openalex.org/W3037096201","https://openalex.org/W3039182478","https://openalex.org/W3041006163","https://openalex.org/W3041235520","https://openalex.org/W3041773921","https://openalex.org/W3045706883","https://openalex.org/W3045941889","https://openalex.org/W3047095708","https://openalex.org/W3047311238","https://openalex.org/W3049014197","https://openalex.org/W3072523976","https://openalex.org/W3082478288","https://openalex.org/W3082692902","https://openalex.org/W3083113094","https://openalex.org/W3083631507","https://openalex.org/W3083934003","https://openalex.org/W3087114677","https://openalex.org/W3087990969","https://openalex.org/W3088123725","https://openalex.org/W3088246894","https://openalex.org/W3089168916","https://openalex.org/W3091248836","https://openalex.org/W3092287850","https://openalex.org/W3092968177","https://openalex.org/W3093765340","https://openalex.org/W3093800784","https://openalex.org/W3094026266","https://openalex.org/W3094870681","https://openalex.org/W3095446985","https://openalex.org/W3095615238","https://openalex.org/W3097409240","https://openalex.org/W3097589046","https://openalex.org/W3097821296","https://openalex.org/W3101354270","https://openalex.org/W3103475966","https://openalex.org/W3104810384","https://openalex.org/W3105452915","https://openalex.org/W3111288713","https://openalex.org/W3111599922","https://openalex.org/W3116843489","https://openalex.org/W3116866413","https://openalex.org/W3119562986","https://openalex.org/W3126883647","https://openalex.org/W3130153679","https://openalex.org/W3131326546","https://openalex.org/W3157340262","https://openalex.org/W4205531157","https://openalex.org/W4205719129","https://openalex.org/W4206205659","https://openalex.org/W6760901731","https://openalex.org/W6769243126","https://openalex.org/W6776865198","https://openalex.org/W6784810279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2386723501","https://openalex.org/W2387879414","https://openalex.org/W2390304029","https://openalex.org/W2354923724","https://openalex.org/W2146830340","https://openalex.org/W4288601434","https://openalex.org/W2377101853","https://openalex.org/W2362180844","https://openalex.org/W2378405797","https://openalex.org/W2913869602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"speed":[1],"and":[2,22,35,46,57,74,110,113,122,130,136,144],"pace":[3],"of":[4,7,54,85,160],"the":[5,83,152],"transmission":[6],"severe":[8],"acute":[9],"respiratory":[10],"syndrome":[11],"coronavirus":[12],"2":[13],"(SARS-CoV-2;":[14],"also":[15,62,156],"referred":[16],"to":[17,43,64,70,95,162],"as":[18,52,82],"novel":[19],"Coronavirus":[20],"2019":[21],"COVID-19)":[23],"have":[24,39,89],"resulted":[25],"in":[26,99],"a":[27,158],"global":[28],"pandemic,":[29],"with":[30],"significant":[31,90],"health,":[32],"financial,":[33],"political,":[34],"other":[36,47],"implications.":[37],"There":[38],"been":[40],"various":[41],"attempts":[42],"manage":[44],"COVID-19":[45,72,96],"pandemics":[48],"using":[49],"technologies":[50],"such":[51,86],"Internet":[53],"Things":[55],"(IoT)":[56],"5G/6G":[58],"communications.":[59],"However,":[60],"we":[61,102,118,150],"need":[63],"ensure":[65],"that":[66],"IoT":[67,78],"devices":[68,87],"used":[69],"facilitate":[71],"monitoring":[73],"treatment":[75],"(e.g.,":[76,92],"medical":[77],"devices)":[79],"are":[80],"secured,":[81],"compromise":[84],"can":[88],"consequences":[91],"life-threatening":[93],"risks":[94,112],"patients).":[97],"Hence,":[98],"this":[100],"paper":[101],"comprehensively":[103],"survey":[104],"existing":[105,120],"IoT-related":[106],"solutions,":[107,133,138,140],"potential":[108],"security":[109,121],"privacy":[111,123],"their":[114],"requirements.":[115],"For":[116],"example,":[117],"classify":[119],"solutions":[124],"into":[125],"five":[126],"categories,":[127],"namely:":[128],"authentication":[129],"access":[131],"control":[132],"key":[134],"management":[135],"cryptography":[137],"blockchain-based":[139],"intrusion":[141],"detection":[142],"systems,":[143],"privacy-preserving":[145],"solutions.":[146],"In":[147],"each":[148],"category,":[149],"identify":[151,157],"associated":[153],"challenges.":[154],"We":[155],"number":[159],"recommendations":[161],"inform":[163],"future":[164],"research.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}