{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2951692579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737350","title":"Recurrent convolutional neural network model based on temporal and spatial feature for motor imagery classification","display_name":"Recurrent convolutional neural network model based on temporal and spatial feature for motor imagery classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2951692579","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737350","mag":"2951692579"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737350","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 7th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060632929","display_name":"Seung-Bo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6817-5793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Bo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009302215","display_name":"Hakseung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-293X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakseung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068775765","display_name":"Ji-Hoon Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-2700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ji-Hoon Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008004104","display_name":"In-Nea Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5427-9129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In-Nea Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011014617","display_name":"Seong\u2010Whan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-4996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Whan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947623","display_name":"Dong\u2010Joo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0988-2236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Joo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060632929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58325734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-imagery","display_name":"Motor imagery","score":0.8383476734161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.7474004626274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7423598766326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6761355996131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6551830768585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.647528350353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5754705667495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46028250455856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.41307270526885986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54808283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6918191","display_name":"Motor imagery","level":4,"score":0.8383476734161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7474004626274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7423598766326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6761355996131897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6551830768585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.647528350353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5754705667495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46028250455856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.41307270526885986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737350","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 7th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1934184906","https://openalex.org/W2033335157","https://openalex.org/W2050524266","https://openalex.org/W2057311210","https://openalex.org/W2083090531","https://openalex.org/W2092889121","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2102176429","https://openalex.org/W2103014813","https://openalex.org/W2112565176","https://openalex.org/W2116308679","https://openalex.org/W2128404967","https://openalex.org/W2132360759","https://openalex.org/W2140413964","https://openalex.org/W2152171700","https://openalex.org/W2154037495","https://openalex.org/W2160498763","https://openalex.org/W2163727886","https://openalex.org/W2168500935","https://openalex.org/W2171872429","https://openalex.org/W2201305792","https://openalex.org/W2291176881","https://openalex.org/W2507210861","https://openalex.org/W2514595441","https://openalex.org/W2525660870","https://openalex.org/W2531733772","https://openalex.org/W2603006638","https://openalex.org/W2766309231","https://openalex.org/W2793912969","https://openalex.org/W2963452022","https://openalex.org/W3156207536","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6687409883","https://openalex.org/W6735591599","https://openalex.org/W7074057920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977940006","https://openalex.org/W2887556756","https://openalex.org/W2947925238","https://openalex.org/W195417223","https://openalex.org/W1513407214","https://openalex.org/W1984377984","https://openalex.org/W1961545574","https://openalex.org/W2510077457","https://openalex.org/W3045772920","https://openalex.org/W2047816336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brain":[0],"computer":[1],"interface":[2],"(BCI)":[3],"could":[4],"be":[5],"useful":[6],"in":[7,27,96,144,191],"improving":[8],"the":[9,28,53,64,119,122,127,145,153,163,166,173,177,188],"quality":[10],"of":[11,24,32,113,121,147,150,165,187],"life":[12],"for":[13,43,78,105],"paralyzed":[14],"patients.":[15],"Motor":[16],"imagery":[17,45,130],"classification":[18,110,146],"has":[19],"recently":[20],"been":[21],"a":[22,73],"center":[23],"research":[25],"interest":[26],"BCI-based":[29],"rehabilitation.":[30],"As":[31],"current,":[33],"spatial":[34,60,80,99,134],"features":[35,38],"and":[36,61,81,98,118],"spectral":[37],"were":[39],"often":[40],"used":[41],"independently":[42],"motor":[44,129],"classification.":[46,100],"While":[47],"few":[48],"studies":[49],"attempted":[50],"to":[51,126],"combine":[52],"information":[54,83],"from":[55],"varying":[56,192],"domains":[57],"including":[58,79],"spectral,":[59],"temporal":[62,82,97],"feature,":[63],"attempts":[65],"employed":[66],"simplistic":[67],"linear":[68],"models.":[69],"In":[70],"this":[71],"study,":[72],"novel":[74],"feature":[75],"extraction":[76],"method":[77,87,102,123,140],"is":[84],"proposed.":[85],"The":[86,101,138,182],"uses":[88],"recurrent":[89],"convolutional":[90],"neural":[91],"network":[92],"(RCNN)":[93],"which":[94],"excels":[95],"was":[103,124,160,170],"tested":[104],"classifying":[106],"wrist":[107],"twisting-related":[108],"task":[109],"during":[111],"manipulation":[112],"robotic":[114],"arm":[115],"via":[116],"electroencephalography,":[117],"performance":[120,164],"compared":[125],"conventional":[128,158,174],"classifiers":[131],"with":[132],"common":[133],"pattern":[135],"(CSP)":[136],"filter.":[137],"proposed":[139,167,189],"showed":[141],"73.9%":[142],"accuracy":[143,155],"three":[148],"types":[149],"tasks,":[151],"whereas":[152],"highest":[154],"achieved":[156],"by":[157],"models":[159,175],"59.5%.":[161],"Overall,":[162],"RCNN":[168],"model":[169],"greater":[171],"than":[172],"using":[176],"CSP":[178],"as":[179],"input":[180],"features.":[181],"findings":[183],"warrant":[184],"further":[185],"application":[186],"methods":[190],"BCI":[193],"environment.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}