{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2950090897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737254","title":"Biometrics Based on Single-Trial EEG","display_name":"Biometrics Based on Single-Trial EEG","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2950090897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737254","mag":"2950090897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737254","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 7th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051686222","display_name":"Ga-Young Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-5517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ga-Young Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Soo-In Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soo-In Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334889","display_name":"Rahmawati Rahmawati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-1306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahmawati Rahmawati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006008510","display_name":"Hyung-Tak Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-0538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung-Tak Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101931944","display_name":"Yun\u2010Sung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3775-5063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun-Sung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083534686","display_name":"Seong-Uk Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-6032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Uk Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111975522","display_name":"Han\u2010Jeong Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han-Jeong Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051686222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59280848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.8524329662322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.770616888999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6602205038070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6507250070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5705117583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5691423416137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5455637574195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46439462900161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resting-state-fmri","display_name":"Resting state fMRI","score":0.4303381145000458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36977967619895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13034257292747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12355238199234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07837536931037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.07148346304893494}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.8524329662322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.770616888999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6602205038070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6507250070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5705117583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5691423416137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5455637574195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46439462900161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66324658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Resting state fMRI","level":2,"score":0.4303381145000458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36977967619895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13034257292747498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12355238199234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07837536931037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.07148346304893494}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2019.8737254","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 7th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1561903397","https://openalex.org/W1951183756","https://openalex.org/W1970566587","https://openalex.org/W2006748433","https://openalex.org/W2037664959","https://openalex.org/W2042237257","https://openalex.org/W2049166497","https://openalex.org/W2052471278","https://openalex.org/W2117995429","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2140959843","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2171759622","https://openalex.org/W2416750880","https://openalex.org/W2533779808","https://openalex.org/W2546901344","https://openalex.org/W2606276143","https://openalex.org/W2612085556","https://openalex.org/W2757934307","https://openalex.org/W2790837801","https://openalex.org/W4298423176","https://openalex.org/W4361793509","https://openalex.org/W6683963230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2429057255","https://openalex.org/W2187546663","https://openalex.org/W148745890","https://openalex.org/W4389670110","https://openalex.org/W2611942503","https://openalex.org/W4315621326","https://openalex.org/W2899790217","https://openalex.org/W2598865957","https://openalex.org/W1576092969","https://openalex.org/W3104966193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,126,186],"biometrics":[1],"based":[2,171,228],"on":[3,172,229],"resting":[4,37,107],"state":[5,38,108],"electroencephalography":[6],"(EEG)":[7],"is":[8,71],"better":[9],"than":[10],"other":[11],"EEG-based":[12,39],"authentication":[13,32,40,84,188,226],"protocols":[14],"in":[15,77,86],"terms":[16],"of":[17,35,190,211],"usability":[18],"because":[19],"it":[20,70],"does":[21],"not":[22],"require":[23],"any":[24],"external":[25],"stimuli":[26],"and":[27,55,116,143,147,193,202],"has":[28],"a":[29,44,79,168,173,223],"relatively":[30,45],"short":[31,100],"time.":[33],"Most":[34],"previous":[36],"systems":[41],"have":[42],"used":[43],"long":[46],"EEG":[47,128,213,225],"data":[48,129],"(e.g.,":[49,63],">":[50,64],"1":[51],"min)":[52],"measured":[53,98,111,127],"once,":[54],"they":[56],"were":[57,110,130,195],"segmented":[58],"to":[59,73,93,159],"create":[60],"many":[61],"trials":[62,96],"100).":[65],"In":[66,104],"this":[67],"case,":[68],"however,":[69],"difficult":[72],"reflect":[74],"real-authentication":[75],"situations":[76],"which":[78,135,167],"user":[80],"repetitively":[81,97],"uses":[82],"an":[83,218],"system":[85,227],"different":[87],"time":[88,101],"points.":[89],"Therefore,":[90],"we":[91],"propose":[92],"use":[94],"single":[95,230],"for":[99,122,164,178,221],"(10":[102],"s).":[103],"the":[105,209],"experiment,":[106],"EEGs":[109],"while":[112],"fifteen":[113],"subjects":[114],"opened":[115],"closed":[117,141],"their":[118],"eyes":[119,137,140],"30":[120],"times":[121],"10":[123],"s":[124],"each.":[125],"divided":[131],"into":[132],"three":[133],"conditions,":[134],"are":[136],"open":[138],"(EO),":[139],"(EC),":[142],"difference":[144],"between":[145],"EC":[146,215],"EO":[148],"(Diff).":[149],"We":[150],"extracted":[151],"power":[152],"spectral":[153],"density":[154],"(PSD)":[155],"ranging":[156],"from":[157],"3":[158],"20":[160],"Hz":[161],"as":[162],"features":[163],"classification,":[165],"with":[166],"binary":[169],"classification":[170],"5\u00d75-fold":[174],"cross-validation":[175],"was":[176],"performed":[177],"each":[179],"subject":[180],"using":[181],"linear":[182],"discriminant":[183],"analysis":[184],"(LDA).":[185],"mean":[187],"accuracies":[189],"EC,":[191],"EO,":[192],"Diff":[194],"97.05":[196],"\u00b1":[197,200,204],"5.4,":[198],"92.5":[199],"8.2,":[201],"85.3":[203],"7.0":[205],"%,":[206],"respectively,":[207],"demonstrating":[208],"feasibility":[210],"single-trial-based":[212],"authentication.":[214],"could":[216],"be":[217],"optimal":[219],"condition":[220],"developing":[222],"resting-state":[224],"trial.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}