{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036895714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2013.6506638","title":"Implementation of a mental spelling system based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)","display_name":"Implementation of a mental spelling system based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036895714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2013.6506638","mag":"2036895714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iww-bci.2013.6506638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2013.6506638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Winter Workshop on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111975522","display_name":"Han\u2010Jeong Hwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han-Jeong Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113535112","display_name":"Jeong\u2010Hwan Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong-Hwan Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066370603","display_name":"Jun\u2010Hak Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6476-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Hak Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018807391","display_name":"Chang\u2010Hwan Im","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3795-3318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4575257","display_name":"Hanyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/046865y68","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Hwan Im","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111975522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4575257"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6079,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66860762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"113","issue":null,"first_page":"81","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.9062772393226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7375718355178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6545464992523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flicker","display_name":"Flicker","score":0.5243390202522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4859994351863861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4362131953239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39344170689582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.20193615555763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10860717296600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.10372567176818848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.9062772393226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7375718355178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6545464992523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19743564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25378119","display_name":"Flicker","level":2,"score":0.5243390202522278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4859994351863861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4362131953239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39344170689582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.20193615555763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10860717296600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.10372567176818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iww-bci.2013.6506638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iww-bci.2013.6506638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Winter Workshop on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038052881","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2126617441","https://openalex.org/W2158300918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161008081","https://openalex.org/W2100947578","https://openalex.org/W4298186509","https://openalex.org/W2556702969","https://openalex.org/W217221262","https://openalex.org/W611030372","https://openalex.org/W1974418053","https://openalex.org/W2021532426","https://openalex.org/W2081317458","https://openalex.org/W2530486443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,141],"study,":[2],"we":[3,38,167],"implemented":[4],"a":[5,18,177,185],"new":[6],"mental":[7,47,81,128,164],"spelling":[8,48,82,129,165],"system":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11,203],"steady-state":[12],"visual":[13,64],"evoked":[14],"potential":[15],"(SSVEP),":[16],"adopting":[17],"QWERTY":[19],"style":[20],"layout":[21],"keyboard":[22],"with":[23,27,35,71,101,180,192],"30":[24],"LEDs":[25],"flickering":[26],"different":[28],"frequencies.":[29],"During":[30],"the":[31,43,46,76,79,87,122,126,132,146,160,181,188,195],"offline":[32],"experiments":[33,68,89,190],"performed":[34,191],"five":[36],"participants,":[37,194],"optimized":[39,80],"various":[40],"factors":[41],"influencing":[42],"performance":[44,124,161],"of":[45,78,86,95,106,116,125,136,145,162,187],"system,":[49,166],"such":[50],"as":[51],"distances":[52],"between":[53],"adjacent":[54],"keys,":[55],"light":[56],"source":[57],"arrangements,":[58],"stimulating":[59],"frequencies,":[60],"recording":[61],"electrodes,":[62],"and":[63],"angles.":[65],"The":[66,84],"online":[67,88,189],"were":[69,90],"conducted":[70],"six":[72],"participants":[73],"to":[74,110],"verify":[75],"feasibility":[77],"system.":[83,130],"results":[85,149],"an":[91,102,111],"average":[92,103,112,133],"typing":[93,134,201],"speed":[94,135],"9.39":[96,137],"letters":[97],"per":[98,119],"minute":[99],"(LPM)":[100],"success":[104],"rate":[105,115],"87.58":[107],"%":[108],"corresponding":[109],"information":[113,171],"transfer":[114],"40.72":[117],"bits":[118],"minute,":[120],"demonstrating":[121],"high":[123],"developed":[127],"Indeed,":[131],"LPM":[138,148],"attained":[139],"in":[140,153],"study":[142],"was":[143],"one":[144],"best":[147],"among":[150],"those":[151],"reported":[152],"previous":[154],"BCI":[155],"literatures.":[156],"To":[157],"further":[158],"enhance":[159],"our":[163],"combined":[168],"eye":[169],"direction":[170],"(`left'":[172],"or":[173],"`right')":[174],"extracted":[175],"from":[176],"web":[178],"camera":[179],"SSVEP":[182],"responses.":[183],"As":[184],"result":[186],"10":[193],"hybrid":[196],"speller":[197],"could":[198],"reduce":[199],"16.6":[200],"errors":[202],"average.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}