{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414141425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwssip66997.2025.11151867","title":"Contrastive Dissimilarity for Writer Identification: a proof of concept","display_name":"Contrastive Dissimilarity for Writer Identification: a proof of concept","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414141425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwssip66997.2025.11151867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwssip66997.2025.11151867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwssip66997.2025.11151867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 32nd International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046678426","display_name":"Fabio Pignelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123443094","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqqa360","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123443094"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Pignelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of Maring&#x00E1;,Department of Informatics,Maring&#x00E1;,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Maring&#x00E1;,Department of Informatics,Maring&#x00E1;,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123443094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044829081","display_name":"Lucas Teixeira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3615-1567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123443094","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqqa360","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123443094"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucas O. Teixeira","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of Maring&#x00E1;,Department of Informatics,Maring&#x00E1;,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Maring&#x00E1;,Department of Informatics,Maring&#x00E1;,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123443094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004057625","display_name":"Diego Bertolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-4538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283613182","display_name":"Universidade Tecnol\u00f3gica Federal do Paran\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/002v2kq79","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Bertolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Technology - Paran&#x00E1;,Campo Mour&#x00E3;o,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Technology - Paran&#x00E1;,Campo Mour&#x00E3;o,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283613182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007729428","display_name":"Loris Nanni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-7209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loris Nanni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Padua,Department of Information Engineering,Padua,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padua,Department of Information Engineering,Padua,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084140678","display_name":"George D. C. Cavalcanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-2283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25112270","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","ror":"https://ror.org/047908t24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George D. C. Cavalcanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University of Pernambuco,Informatics Center,Recife,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Pernambuco,Informatics Center,Recife,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25112270"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002078182","display_name":"Yandre M. G. Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0630-3171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123443094","display_name":"Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04bqqa360","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123443094"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yandre M. G. Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["State University of Maring&#x00E1;,Department of Informatics,Maring&#x00E1;,Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State University of Maring&#x00E1;,Department of Informatics,Maring&#x00E1;,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123443094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046678426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123443094"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85828288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9563000202178955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6676999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.6603999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5842000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4034000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.3716000020503998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7286999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6676999926567078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.6603999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6187000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5842000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4034000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36640000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11192451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2032038","display_name":"Stylometry","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777629044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614959","display_name":"Contrastive analysis","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13622073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2243831","display_name":"Writing style","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwssip66997.2025.11151867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwssip66997.2025.11151867","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 32nd International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007714563","https://openalex.org/W2050995497","https://openalex.org/W2120888827","https://openalex.org/W2130478883","https://openalex.org/W2152928267","https://openalex.org/W2296661036","https://openalex.org/W2344608894","https://openalex.org/W2770554657","https://openalex.org/W2890688138","https://openalex.org/W2893776197","https://openalex.org/W2959792658","https://openalex.org/W2978099719","https://openalex.org/W3145444543","https://openalex.org/W4214943255","https://openalex.org/W4401524347","https://openalex.org/W4401687139","https://openalex.org/W4412670620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Writer":[0],"identification":[1],"is":[2,14,130,139],"the":[3,7,27,60,72,85,92,116],"task":[4],"of":[5,9,29,62,74,132],"identifying":[6],"author":[8],"a":[10,68],"handwritten":[11],"text,":[12],"which":[13],"very":[15],"important":[16],"for":[17,65],"forensic":[18],"analysis":[19],"and":[20,33,77,90,103],"related":[21],"areas.":[22],"The":[23],"difficulty":[24],"grows":[25],"as":[26,34,46],"number":[28],"potential":[30],"writers":[31,51],"increases":[32],"handwriting":[35],"styles":[36],"often":[37,41],"overlap.":[38],"Real-world":[39],"applications":[40],"face":[42],"additional":[43],"challenges,":[44],"such":[45],"imbalanced":[47],"datasets,":[48,112],"where":[49],"certain":[50],"have":[52],"more":[53],"samples":[54],"than":[55],"others.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"investigates":[59],"application":[61],"Contrastive":[63,117],"Dissimilarity":[64,118],"writer":[66],"identification,":[67],"method":[69],"that":[70,115,128],"addresses":[71],"problem":[73],"limited":[75,140],"data":[76,138],"class":[78,108],"imbalance.":[79],"We":[80],"focus":[81],"on":[82],"understanding":[83],"how":[84,91],"Document":[86],"Filter":[87],"affects":[88],"performance":[89,122],"approach":[93],"performs":[94],"under":[95],"unbalanced":[96],"conditions":[97],"using":[98],"two":[99],"well-known":[100],"datasets:":[101],"IAM":[102],"CVL.":[104],"By":[105],"introducing":[106],"artificial":[107],"imbalance":[109],"into":[110],"both":[111],"we":[113],"found":[114],"Vector":[119],"maintains":[120],"comparable":[121],"to":[123],"its":[124],"balanced":[125],"counterpart,":[126],"suggesting":[127],"it":[129],"capable":[131],"generating":[133],"accurate":[134],"representations":[135],"even":[136],"when":[137],"or":[141],"imbalanced.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
