{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2730289535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwssip.2017.7965568","title":"Face detection speed improvement using bitmap-based Histogram of Oriented gradien","display_name":"Face detection speed improvement using bitmap-based Histogram of Oriented gradien","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2730289535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwssip.2017.7965568","mag":"2730289535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwssip.2017.7965568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwssip.2017.7965568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028612020","display_name":"Alireza Dehghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-0262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098433","display_name":"Plusvital (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xfr3x03","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098433"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Dehghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Movidius Ltd., Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Movidius Ltd., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043631421","display_name":"David Moloney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7604-370X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098433","display_name":"Plusvital (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xfr3x03","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098433"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Moloney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Movidius Ltd., Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Movidius Ltd., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098433"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111569783","display_name":"Xiaofan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5760-731X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098433","display_name":"Plusvital (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/00xfr3x03","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098433"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Movidius Ltd., Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Movidius Ltd., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098433"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028612020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098433"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62962246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.78612220287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7558284997940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitmap","display_name":"Bitmap","score":0.7102810740470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.6919902563095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6868771314620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6847632527351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.6717446446418762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6144583821296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6115421652793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5728684067726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49733832478523254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.48375487327575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.46382227540016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.42093151807785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.41952162981033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.41520750522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.33990615606307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.18665936589241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10618850588798523}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.78612220287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7558284997940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3115412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194708","display_name":"Bitmap","level":2,"score":0.7102810740470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.6919902563095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6868771314620972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6847632527351379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.6717446446418762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6144583821296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6115421652793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5728684067726135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49733832478523254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.48375487327575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.46382227540016174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.42093151807785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.41952162981033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.41520750522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.33990615606307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.18665936589241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10618850588798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwssip.2017.7965568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwssip.2017.7965568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing (IWSSIP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W113578986","https://openalex.org/W1934410531","https://openalex.org/W2028880308","https://openalex.org/W2046399019","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2125277152","https://openalex.org/W2154740476","https://openalex.org/W2160532515","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163965432","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2178547702","https://openalex.org/W2511023170","https://openalex.org/W2523582151","https://openalex.org/W6604626575","https://openalex.org/W6683411478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364279976","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4312081214","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W4284671953","https://openalex.org/W325114128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,5,13,65,93,123,132,153,161,166,185],"Viola-Jones":[2],"seminal":[3],"work,":[4],"boosted":[6],"cascade":[7],"with":[8,115,156,164],"simple":[9],"features":[10,40],"has":[11,57],"become":[12],"most":[14],"popular":[15],"and":[16,95,103,112,172,180],"effective":[17],"approach":[18],"for":[19,184],"practical":[20],"face":[21,25,31,124],"detection.":[22],"More":[23],"improved":[24,76],"detectors":[26],"that":[27],"can":[28],"handle":[29],"uncontrolled":[30],"detection":[32,125],"scenarios":[33],"have":[34],"achieved":[35],"by":[36,54,60,83],"applying":[37],"more":[38],"advanced":[39],"such":[41],"as":[42,169],"Histogram":[43],"of":[44,85,92,100,134,150],"oriented":[45],"Gradients":[46],"(HoG).":[47],"The":[48,75],"great":[49],"improvement":[50],"in":[51,64,71,152,178,182],"accuracy":[52],"delivered":[53],"these":[55],"methods":[56],"been":[58],"accompanied":[59],"a":[61],"large":[62],"increase":[63],"computational":[66,142],"burden,":[67],"which":[68],"limited":[69],"adoption":[70],"embedded":[72],"solutions":[73],"particularly.":[74],"bitmap-based":[77],"HoG":[78,86,171],"approaches":[79],"resolved":[80],"this":[81,109],"problem":[82,126],"limitation":[84],"window":[87],"to":[88,122,127,138,160],"non-rectangular":[89],"irregular":[90],"pattern":[91],"object":[94],"its":[96,140],"boundary":[97],"avoid":[98],"processing":[99],"extra":[101],"background":[102],"(partially)":[104],"foreground":[105],"pixels":[106],"respectively.":[107],"In":[108],"paper,":[110],"bHoG":[111],"bbHoG":[113],"along":[114,163],"three":[116],"different":[117],"bitmap":[118],"patterns":[119],"are":[120],"applied":[121],"not":[128],"only":[129],"benefits":[130],"from":[131],"robustness":[133],"HoG,":[135],"but":[136],"also":[137],"amend":[139],"high":[141],"cost":[143],"significantly.":[144],"Experimental":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"an":[148,173],"decrease":[149,175],"92.5%":[151],"workload":[154],"associated":[155],"HoG/SVM":[157],"classifiers":[158],"compared":[159],"state-of-the-art,":[162],"approximately":[165],"same":[167],"performance":[168],"standard":[170],"average":[174],"about":[176],"5%":[177],"recall":[179],"precision":[181],"comparison":[183],"smaller":[186],"cell":[187],"sizes.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-25T21:42:39.735039","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}