{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402896825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos61813.2024.10682874","title":"WebAssembly or Container? Joint Optimization of Microservice Consolidation and Deployment towards Cost Efficient Edge-End Consortium","display_name":"WebAssembly or Container? Joint Optimization of Microservice Consolidation and Deployment towards Cost Efficient Edge-End Consortium","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402896825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos61813.2024.10682874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos61813.2024.10682874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos61813.2024.10682874","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE/ACM 32nd International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104161937","display_name":"Zhexiong Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhexiong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences,School of Computer Science,Wuhan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences,School of Computer Science,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077093242","display_name":"Deze Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3276-1202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deze Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences,School of Computer Science,Wuhan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences,School of Computer Science,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111342957","display_name":"Ranzhao Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranzhao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences,School of Computer Science,Wuhan,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences,School of Computer Science,Wuhan,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104161937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79380691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.8310133218765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consolidation","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","score":0.6945224404335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.5802238583564758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5389291644096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.5052788853645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25521332025527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.16071897745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.1574864387512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14355430006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.09309983253479004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.8310133218765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.6945224404335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.5802238583564758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5389291644096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.5052788853645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25521332025527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.16071897745132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1574864387512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14355430006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09309983253479004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos61813.2024.10682874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos61813.2024.10682874","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE/ACM 32nd International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114298221","https://openalex.org/W2132238781","https://openalex.org/W2491777287","https://openalex.org/W2890719226","https://openalex.org/W2900394813","https://openalex.org/W3010622806","https://openalex.org/W3082622738","https://openalex.org/W3112572460","https://openalex.org/W3115784795","https://openalex.org/W3152950651","https://openalex.org/W3153033660","https://openalex.org/W3175231540","https://openalex.org/W3183830284","https://openalex.org/W3193630181","https://openalex.org/W3202280800","https://openalex.org/W3209366914","https://openalex.org/W3213200620","https://openalex.org/W3215677747","https://openalex.org/W4211041246","https://openalex.org/W4212877541","https://openalex.org/W4214507611","https://openalex.org/W4282962713","https://openalex.org/W4283219705","https://openalex.org/W4284676040","https://openalex.org/W4286307980","https://openalex.org/W4289538258","https://openalex.org/W4291433199","https://openalex.org/W4311925334","https://openalex.org/W4313152715","https://openalex.org/W4386243220","https://openalex.org/W4386609108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Edge-End":[0],"Consortium,":[1],"with":[2,152,177],"the":[3,27,57,61,75,80,85,96,168,182],"integration":[4],"of":[5,66,87,98,101,173,185],"edge":[6],"computing":[7,23],"servers":[8],"and":[9,38,43,47,52,64,68,79,103,114,134,146,156,188],"end":[10],"devices":[11],"like":[12],"IoT":[13],"devices,":[14],"has":[15,30],"emerged":[16],"as":[17,137],"a":[18,110,128,142],"promising":[19],"infrastructure":[20],"for":[21],"on-site":[22],"power":[24],"provision.":[25],"But":[26],"high":[28,118],"heterogeneity":[29,58],"raised":[31],"unprecedented":[32],"challenges":[33],"in":[34,84,175],"its":[35],"resource":[36],"management":[37],"task":[39],"scheduling.":[40],"Both":[41],"WebAssembly":[42,67,102,145],"Container":[44,69,104],"provide":[45],"lightweight":[46],"portable":[48],"way":[49,78,187],"to":[50,55,73,108,181],"consolidate":[51],"deploy":[53],"microservices":[54,107],"combat":[56],"problem.":[59],"However,":[60],"inherent":[62],"advantages":[63],"disadvantages":[65],"make":[70],"it":[71,136],"nontrivial":[72],"decide":[74],"microservice":[76],"consolidation":[77,186],"deployment":[81,100,115,189],"site,":[82],"especially":[83],"consideration":[86,184],"dependency":[88],"between":[89,112],"microservices.":[90],"In":[91],"this":[92,125],"paper,":[93],"we":[94],"investigate":[95],"problem":[97,126],"mixed":[99],"based":[105],"dependent":[106],"strike":[109],"balance":[111],"communication":[113],"cost":[116,120,169],"toward":[117],"overall":[119],"efficiency.":[121,159],"We":[122,139],"first":[123],"cast":[124],"into":[127],"Quadratic":[129],"Integer":[130],"Programming":[131],"(QIP)":[132],"formulation":[133],"prove":[135],"NP-hard.":[138],"then":[140],"introduce":[141],"Randomized":[143],"Rounding":[144],"Containerized":[147],"Microservice":[148],"Deployment":[149],"(RR-WCMD)":[150],"algorithm":[151],"polynomial":[153],"computation":[154],"complexity":[155],"guaranteed":[157],"performance":[158],"Experiment":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"that":[163],"RR-WCMD":[164],"can":[165],"significantly":[166],"lower":[167],"by":[170],"an":[171],"average":[172],"34%":[174],"comparison":[176],"state-of-theart":[178],"algorithms,":[179],"thanks":[180],"joint":[183],"site.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
