{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385329435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos57198.2023.10188695","title":"A Budget-aware Incentive Mechanism for Vehicle-to-Grid via Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"A Budget-aware Incentive Mechanism for Vehicle-to-Grid via Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385329435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos57198.2023.10188695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos57198.2023.10188695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos57198.2023.10188695","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 31st International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035197579","display_name":"Tianxiang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2398-0510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tianxiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763625","display_name":"Xiaoxi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0751-2773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016658545","display_name":"Jingpu Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-2197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingpu Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760218","display_name":"Zhi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-9344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100385692","display_name":"Xu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-6020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035197579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59713372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7849417328834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.7800562381744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7106845378875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5459791421890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5455690026283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5255730748176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5219830274581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.47376635670661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.437813401222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.42588433623313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38318949937820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.20450055599212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19439274072647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15813446044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.15220826864242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.140895277261734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11076205968856812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7849417328834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7800562381744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7106845378875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5459791421890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5455690026283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5255730748176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5219830274581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.47376635670661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.437813401222229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.42588433623313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38318949937820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.20450055599212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19439274072647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15813446044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.15220826864242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.140895277261734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11076205968856812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos57198.2023.10188695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos57198.2023.10188695","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE/ACM 31st International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8653828350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102460,U20A20159,6197243","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1997898472","https://openalex.org/W2038696819","https://openalex.org/W2078303776","https://openalex.org/W2100002658","https://openalex.org/W2110005947","https://openalex.org/W2122205547","https://openalex.org/W2150865801","https://openalex.org/W2333383824","https://openalex.org/W2497420502","https://openalex.org/W2507915671","https://openalex.org/W2519666521","https://openalex.org/W2583733750","https://openalex.org/W2617498175","https://openalex.org/W2787891457","https://openalex.org/W2792120331","https://openalex.org/W2913909545","https://openalex.org/W2947275052","https://openalex.org/W2950518423","https://openalex.org/W2963049774","https://openalex.org/W2967914525","https://openalex.org/W2980603164","https://openalex.org/W2984599810","https://openalex.org/W2989127100","https://openalex.org/W2989594769","https://openalex.org/W3036689958","https://openalex.org/W3111010198","https://openalex.org/W3168159480","https://openalex.org/W3184227953","https://openalex.org/W4283257287","https://openalex.org/W4287743239","https://openalex.org/W4308906917","https://openalex.org/W4313260360","https://openalex.org/W6675143375","https://openalex.org/W6752725515","https://openalex.org/W6780168246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2555175041","https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W2353074559","https://openalex.org/W2171108821","https://openalex.org/W2023642087","https://openalex.org/W2074513827","https://openalex.org/W2402141875","https://openalex.org/W3125701662","https://openalex.org/W1498762745","https://openalex.org/W148990555"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,11,23,29,36,95,110,138,171,193],"increasing":[2],"penetration":[3],"of":[4,13,31,48,180,195],"renewable":[5],"energy":[6],"and":[7,16,52,114,124,148,158,187],"electric":[8],"vehicles":[9],"(EVs),":[10],"behavior":[12,68],"EVs'":[14],"charging":[15,81],"discharging":[17],"has":[18],"shown":[19],"great":[20],"impact":[21],"on":[22],"Micro":[24],"Grid":[25],"power":[26,156],"load,":[27],"motivating":[28],"development":[30],"Vehicle-to-Grid":[32],"(V2G)":[33],"technologies.":[34],"However,":[35],"V2G":[37],"market":[38],"is":[39,94,166],"still":[40],"in":[41],"its":[42],"infancy,":[43],"due":[44],"to":[45,64,78,136,154,169,191],"insufficient":[46],"understanding":[47],"EV":[49,59,106],"users'":[50,67,115],"willingness":[51],"concerns.":[53],"While":[54],"many":[55],"studies":[56],"consider":[57],"direct":[58],"control,":[60],"it's":[61],"more":[62],"realistic":[63],"indirectly":[65],"affect":[66],"through":[69,184],"monetary":[70],"incentives.":[71],"For":[72],"better":[73],"implementation":[74],"flexibility,":[75],"we":[76,176],"advocate":[77],"display":[79],"at":[80],"piles":[82],"strategically":[83],"chosen":[84],"incentives":[85,103],"that":[86,100],"are":[87],"combined":[88],"with":[89],"electricity":[90],"prices.":[91],"Technically,":[92],"this":[93],"first":[96,130],"model-free":[97],"learning":[98,153,182],"algorithm":[99,165,183],"can":[101],"optimize":[102],"under":[104,119],"unknown":[105],"user":[107,173],"reactions,":[108],"increase":[109],"load":[111],"control":[112,157],"effectiveness":[113],"quality-of-service":[116],"(QoS)":[117],"simultaneously":[118],"a":[120,132],"long-term":[121],"incentive":[122,159],"budget,":[123],"provide":[125],"theoretical":[126,185],"performance":[127],"guarantees.":[128],"We":[129,143],"construct":[131],"bi-level":[133,197],"optimization":[134],"framework":[135],"model":[137],"time-dependencies":[139],"across":[140],"our":[141,181,196],"solutions.":[142],"then":[144],"integrate":[145],"primal-dual":[146],"theories":[147],"upper-confidence":[149],"bounds":[150],"into":[151],"reinforcement":[152],"balance":[155],"consumption.":[160],"A":[161],"dynamic":[162],"programming":[163],"based":[164],"also":[167],"proposed":[168],"maximize":[170],"aggregate":[172],"QoS.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"prove":[177],"bounded":[178],"sub-optimality":[179],"analysis":[186],"conduct":[188],"trace-driven":[189],"simulations":[190],"demonstrate":[192],"advantages":[194],"framework.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}