{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283833430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812883","title":"When Multi-access Edge Computing Meets Multi-area Intelligent Reflecting Surface: A Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"When Multi-access Edge Computing Meets Multi-area Intelligent Reflecting Surface: A Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283833430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 30th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076727489","display_name":"Shen Zhuang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shen Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693517","display_name":"Ying He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1733-9791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420016","display_name":"F. Richard Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-7594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Richard Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106856666","display_name":"Chengxi Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-7394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145761","display_name":"Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gh4er46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Shenzhen,China","Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073490832","display_name":"Weike Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-9531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weike Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633973","display_name":"Zhong Ming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9310-3460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen University,College of Computer Science and Software Engineering,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076727489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210136793"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.366,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56330094,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8358654379844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8178272247314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6323668360710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.6078929901123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5447372794151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5365962982177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5352329611778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5227594375610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.5187690258026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5106828808784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4751833975315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.46670863032341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4247840940952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4123002290725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.32233887910842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.23982387781143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2007831633090973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8358654379844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8178272247314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6323668360710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.6078929901123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5447372794151306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5365962982177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5352329611778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5227594375610352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.5187690258026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5106828808784485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4751833975315094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.46670863032341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4247840940952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4123002290725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.32233887910842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.23982387781143188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2007831633090973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812883","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 30th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2156737235","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2276964001","https://openalex.org/W2516101689","https://openalex.org/W2617547828","https://openalex.org/W2761862361","https://openalex.org/W2772526503","https://openalex.org/W2894976951","https://openalex.org/W2904246096","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2963460596","https://openalex.org/W2968424451","https://openalex.org/W2970297297","https://openalex.org/W2990567315","https://openalex.org/W3001399198","https://openalex.org/W3040433108","https://openalex.org/W3049287381","https://openalex.org/W3093874970","https://openalex.org/W3098752517","https://openalex.org/W3122864568","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3146477712","https://openalex.org/W4206803556","https://openalex.org/W4210573106","https://openalex.org/W4299802797","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6683195989","https://openalex.org/W6738796088","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755069753","https://openalex.org/W6757592117","https://openalex.org/W6770844909","https://openalex.org/W6772949023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W4297093186","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W3200145713","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W4313463218","https://openalex.org/W3106131444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,32,94],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"multi-access":[3],"edge":[4],"computing":[5],"(MEC)":[6],"is":[7,193],"emerging":[8],"to":[9,15,22,48,97,166,184],"provide":[10],"computation":[11,142,180],"and":[12,46,134,141,207],"storage":[13],"capabilities":[14],"the":[16,24,50,57,67,86,99,119,138,168,171,178,189,202,211],"Internet":[17],"of":[18,26,29,170,204],"things":[19],"(IoT)":[20],"devices":[21],"improve":[23,49,201],"quality":[25],"service":[27],"(QoS)":[28],"IoT":[30,215],"applications.":[31],"addition,":[33],"intelligent":[34],"reflecting":[35],"surface":[36],"(IRS)":[37],"techniques":[38],"have":[39,91],"attracted":[40],"great":[41],"interests":[42],"from":[43,214],"both":[44],"academia":[45],"industry":[47],"communication":[51],"efficiency.":[52],"Although":[53],"existing":[54],"works":[55],"leverage":[56],"IRS":[58],"technique":[59],"in":[60,72,78,81,113],"MEC":[61,114],"networks,":[62],"they":[63],"mainly":[64],"focus":[65],"on":[66],"single-IRS":[68,87],"single-area":[69,88],"scenario.":[70],"However,":[71],"practice,":[73],"multi-IRS":[74,110],"will":[75,90],"be":[76],"deployed":[77],"multi-area":[79,111],"scenarios":[80,112],"future":[82],"networks.":[83,115],"Consequently,":[84],"considering":[85],"scenario":[89],"inferior":[92],"performance.":[93],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"address":[98],"aforementioned":[100],"issue,":[101],"we":[102,145,162],"propose":[103,146],"an":[104,152],"efficient":[105],"resource":[106,156,205],"provisioning":[107],"scheme":[108,175,199],"for":[109,155],"We":[116],"first":[117],"model":[118],"problem":[120],"as":[121],"a":[122,147],"cooperative":[123],"multi-agent":[124,148],"reinforcement":[125],"learning":[126],"process,":[127],"where":[128],"each":[129],"agent":[130],"manages":[131],"one":[132],"area":[133],"all":[135],"agents":[136],"share":[137],"network":[139],"bandwidth":[140],"resources.":[143],"Then,":[144],"actor-critic":[149],"method":[150],"with":[151,158,188,210],"attention":[153],"mechanism":[154],"management":[157],"latency":[159],"guarantee.":[160],"Finally,":[161],"conduct":[163],"extensive":[164],"simulations":[165],"verify":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"proposed":[172,198],"scheme.":[173],"Our":[174],"can":[176,200],"reduce":[177],"required":[179],"resources":[181],"by":[182],"up":[183],"11.84%":[185],"when":[186],"compared":[187],"benchmark":[190],"works.":[191],"It":[192],"also":[194],"shown":[195],"that":[196],"our":[197],"efficiency":[203],"allocation":[206],"scale":[208],"well":[209],"increasing":[212],"demand":[213],"devices.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}