{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4284693795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812868","title":"Scorpius: Proactive Code Preparation to Accelerate Function Startup","display_name":"Scorpius: Proactive Code Preparation to Accelerate Function Startup","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4284693795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 30th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101462416","display_name":"Heng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-9958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015544810","display_name":"Junxian Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-092X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junxian Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399382","display_name":"Han Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-9959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29955533","display_name":"Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jh5a977","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I29955533"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29955533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100660344","display_name":"Jilong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4493-5145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29955533","display_name":"Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jh5a977","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I29955533"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jilong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)","Peng Cheng Laboratory (PCL)","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29955533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory (PCL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027623536","display_name":"Congcong Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3265-049X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congcong Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771111","display_name":"Mingwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-4585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29955533","display_name":"Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jh5a977","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I29955533"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","Peng Cheng Laboratory (PCL)","Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory (PCL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29955533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101462416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09365987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.771816611289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.7114855051040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7079326510429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.641904354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5669740438461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.546410083770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4266703426837921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.42281925678253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.406908243894577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.771816611289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.7114855051040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7079326510429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.641904354095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5669740438461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.546410083770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4266703426837921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.42281925678253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.406908243894577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwqos54832.2022.9812868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE/ACM 30th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598605111","https://openalex.org/W2035536069","https://openalex.org/W2086291744","https://openalex.org/W2144127235","https://openalex.org/W2157614013","https://openalex.org/W2417800902","https://openalex.org/W2591324491","https://openalex.org/W2604805566","https://openalex.org/W2606041820","https://openalex.org/W2886464150","https://openalex.org/W2887901326","https://openalex.org/W2899160556","https://openalex.org/W2899389776","https://openalex.org/W2931122162","https://openalex.org/W2932772649","https://openalex.org/W2961684981","https://openalex.org/W2981791765","https://openalex.org/W2997561286","https://openalex.org/W3010457348","https://openalex.org/W3010543330","https://openalex.org/W3012028616","https://openalex.org/W3152809665","https://openalex.org/W3156127671","https://openalex.org/W4287865415","https://openalex.org/W6635694376","https://openalex.org/W6717080717","https://openalex.org/W6736209464","https://openalex.org/W6753337532","https://openalex.org/W6754018566","https://openalex.org/W6755793631","https://openalex.org/W6755923984","https://openalex.org/W6766042161","https://openalex.org/W6773725002","https://openalex.org/W6773836194","https://openalex.org/W6775201933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2931688134","https://openalex.org/W2377919138","https://openalex.org/W2378857091","https://openalex.org/W4256502920","https://openalex.org/W103652678","https://openalex.org/W2999756192","https://openalex.org/W4226090359","https://openalex.org/W4382701072","https://openalex.org/W2011624601","https://openalex.org/W1658882345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"enterprises":[1],"deploy":[2],"their":[3],"applications":[4,14],"on":[5,112,141],"public":[6],"clouds":[7,22],"to":[8,47,57,131,156,169],"relieve":[9],"infrastructure":[10],"management":[11],"burden.":[12],"However,":[13,50],"are":[15],"faced":[16],"with":[17,97,144,161,188,200],"highly":[18],"fluctuating":[19],"workloads,":[20],"while":[21],"provision":[23],"exclusive":[24],"resources":[25],"at":[26],"coarse":[27],"time":[28],"granularity,":[29],"resulting":[30],"in":[31],"severely":[32,66],"low":[33],"resource":[34,41,99],"efficiency.":[35,49],"Function-as-a-Service":[36],"(FaaS)":[37],"platform":[38,106],"enables":[39],"fine-grained":[40],"multiplexing,":[42],"which":[43],"has":[44],"the":[45,61,68,77,93,113,126,142,151,158,194],"potential":[46],"improve":[48],"FaaS":[51,78,105],"platforms":[52,79],"could":[53],"consume":[54],"several":[55],"seconds":[56],"start":[58,152],"functions":[59,140],"and":[60,80,138,165,179],"long":[62],"startup":[63,84],"latency":[64,85,96,197],"can":[65,192],"hurt":[67],"performance":[69],"of":[70,116,177],"applications.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75,101],"measure":[76],"find":[81],"that":[82,107,186],"most":[83,145],"is":[86],"occupied":[87],"by":[88,198],"code":[89,94,110,127,168,195],"preparation.":[90],"To":[91,124,149],"reduce":[92,125,193],"preparation":[95,196],"little":[98],"overhead,":[100],"propose":[102],"Scorpius,":[103],"a":[104,162,175],"proactively":[108,132,166],"prepares":[109],"based":[111],"historical":[114],"data":[115],"functions.":[117],"It":[118],"combines":[119],"two":[120],"optimization":[121],"categories:":[122],"(1)":[123],"size,":[128],"Scorpius":[129,154,178,191],"proposes":[130,155],"prepare":[133],"partial":[134],"libraries":[135],"over":[136],"servers":[137],"run":[139],"server":[143],"library":[146],"sharing.":[147],"(2)":[148],"advance":[150],"time,":[153],"predict":[157],"function":[159],"overload":[160],"simple":[163],"model":[164],"scale":[167],"more":[170],"servers.":[171],"We":[172],"have":[173],"implemented":[174],"prototype":[176],"conducted":[180],"extensive":[181],"experiments.":[182],"Evaluation":[183],"results":[184],"demonstrate":[185],"compared":[187],"state-of-the-art":[189],"methods,":[190],"87.6%":[199],"only":[201],"9.3%":[202],"storage":[203],"overhead.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}