{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123505547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwias.2003.1192460","title":"Intrusion Detection Force: an infrastructure for Internet-scale intrusion detection","display_name":"Intrusion Detection Force: an infrastructure for Internet-scale intrusion detection","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123505547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwias.2003.1192460","mag":"2123505547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwias.2003.1192460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwias.2003.1192460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"First IEEE International Workshop on Information Assurance, 2003. IWIAS 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079124470","display_name":"Lawrence Teo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Teo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Calyptix Security, Charlotte, NC, USA","Laboratory of Information Integration, Security and Privacy (LIISP), North Carolina State University, Charlotte, NC, USA","Security and Privacy (LIISP), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Calyptix Security, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information Integration, Security and Privacy (LIISP), North Carolina State University, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security and Privacy (LIISP), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000813695","display_name":"Yuliang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9815-9727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87097829","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Asheville","ror":"https://ror.org/017c6at71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87097829"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuliang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Calyptix Security, Charlotte, NC, USA","Laboratory of Information Integration, Security and Privacy (LIISP), North Carolina State University, Charlotte, NC, USA","Security and Privacy (LIISP), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Calyptix Security, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Information Integration, Security and Privacy (LIISP), North Carolina State University, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security and Privacy (LIISP), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, NC, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87097829"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098226182","display_name":"Gail-Joon Ahni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2987654847","display_name":"Piedmont International University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h20p340","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2987654847"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gail-Joon Ahni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lab. of Inf. Integration, Security & Privacy, North Carolina Univ., Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lab. of Inf. Integration, Security & Privacy, North Carolina Univ., Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2987654847"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3989,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85009014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1034","issue":null,"first_page":"73","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.8267630338668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blueprint","display_name":"Blueprint","score":0.7125326991081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7047641277313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.6570619344711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6151070594787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5884092450141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4793418347835541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-infrastructure","display_name":"Information infrastructure","score":0.4318457841873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.42267662286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3379443883895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-system","display_name":"Information system","score":0.25500452518463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14415636658668518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.8267630338668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422321","display_name":"Blueprint","level":2,"score":0.7125326991081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7047641277313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6570619344711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6151070594787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5884092450141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4793418347835541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31652620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047251","display_name":"Information infrastructure","level":3,"score":0.4318457841873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.42267662286758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3379443883895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.25500452518463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14415636658668518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwias.2003.1192460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwias.2003.1192460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"First IEEE International Workshop on Information Assurance, 2003. IWIAS 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.117.4213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.117.4213","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.sis.uncc.edu/~yzheng/publications/files/iwia03-tza-p73.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34538781","https://openalex.org/W59296718","https://openalex.org/W67161194","https://openalex.org/W1504916267","https://openalex.org/W1519313281","https://openalex.org/W1541939527","https://openalex.org/W1545787021","https://openalex.org/W1577117059","https://openalex.org/W1601376565","https://openalex.org/W1650675509","https://openalex.org/W1828150029","https://openalex.org/W1966282711","https://openalex.org/W2002286749","https://openalex.org/W2016551721","https://openalex.org/W2033039007","https://openalex.org/W2047117506","https://openalex.org/W2100903665","https://openalex.org/W2104210894","https://openalex.org/W2158049821","https://openalex.org/W2159256070","https://openalex.org/W2174507869","https://openalex.org/W2288766236","https://openalex.org/W4236944670","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6601384121","https://openalex.org/W6602400987","https://openalex.org/W6632301646","https://openalex.org/W6634531175","https://openalex.org/W6635794435","https://openalex.org/W6637042374","https://openalex.org/W6637202848","https://openalex.org/W6638584947","https://openalex.org/W6641735279","https://openalex.org/W6696294499"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905572069","https://openalex.org/W2894418653","https://openalex.org/W2794100869","https://openalex.org/W645555538","https://openalex.org/W3133950541","https://openalex.org/W3115647830","https://openalex.org/W3120776434","https://openalex.org/W2561279445","https://openalex.org/W599495921","https://openalex.org/W190802420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intrusion":[0,65],"detection":[1],"systems":[2],"(IDSs)":[3],"are":[4,45,132],"usually":[5,15],"deployed":[6],"within":[7],"the":[8,64,75,86,91,121,142],"confines":[9],"of":[10,18,33,50,85,106,120,137],"an":[11,21,96],"organization.":[12],"There":[13],"is":[14],"no":[16],"exchange":[17],"information":[19,51],"between":[20],"IDS":[22],"in":[23,28,104],"one":[24],"organization":[25],"with":[26],"those":[27],"other":[29],"organizations.":[30],"The":[31,80],"effectiveness":[32],"IDSs":[34],"at":[35],"detecting":[36],"present-day":[37],"sophisticated":[38],"attacks":[39],"would":[40,70],"increase":[41],"significantly":[42],"if":[43],"there":[44],"inter-organizational":[46],"communication":[47],"and":[48,73,98,102,111,124],"sharing":[49],"among":[52],"IDSs.":[53],"We":[54,114],"envision":[55],"a":[56,78,83,117,126],"global":[57],"Internet-scale":[58],"defense":[59],"infrastructure,":[60,97],"which":[61],"we":[62,89,131],"call":[63],"Detection":[66],"Force":[67],"(IDF),":[68],"that":[69,130],"protect":[71],"organizations":[72],"defend":[74],"Internet":[76],"as":[77,135],"whole.":[79],"paper":[81],"provides":[82],"blueprint":[84],"IDF,":[87],"where":[88],"discuss":[90],"requirements":[92],"to":[93,140],"deploy":[94],"such":[95],"describe":[99,116],"its":[100,107],"architecture":[101],"design":[103],"terms":[105],"basic":[108],"building":[109],"blocks":[110],"major":[112],"components.":[113],"also":[115],"few":[118],"at:applications":[119],"IDF":[122,144],"architecture,":[123],"provide":[125],"small":[127],"experimental":[128],"prototype":[129],"currently":[133],"extending":[134],"part":[136],"our":[138],"vision":[139],"implement":[141],"full":[143],"infrastructure.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}