{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166616268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030902","title":"Learning-based cursive handwriting synthesis","display_name":"Learning-based cursive handwriting synthesis","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166616268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030902","mag":"2166616268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030902","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440604","display_name":"Jue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3641-3136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051197631","display_name":"Chenyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-3357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109082413","display_name":"Ying-Qing Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Qing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061000201","display_name":"Heung\u2010Yeung Shum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4684-911X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113369","display_name":"Microsoft Research Asia (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0300m5276","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heung-Yeung Shum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Asia, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068080851","display_name":"Ji Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-8045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100440604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113369","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89936137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"157","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cursive","display_name":"Cursive","score":0.9196419715881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.8701311349868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7920763492584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6181660890579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48997870087623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.4648631513118744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.4569261074066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42538517713546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.18056181073188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.14229601621627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11377042531967163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.9196419715881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.8701311349868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7920763492584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6181660890579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48997870087623596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.4648631513118744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.4569261074066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42538517713546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.18056181073188782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.14229601621627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11377042531967163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030902","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.19.6924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.6924","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.geocities.com/i_juewang/Jue_Synthesis.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-158079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-158079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599623585","https://openalex.org/W2039606904","https://openalex.org/W2063252599","https://openalex.org/W2088162971","https://openalex.org/W2103992869","https://openalex.org/W2131718092","https://openalex.org/W2133774033","https://openalex.org/W2140825458","https://openalex.org/W2157280870","https://openalex.org/W2165550102","https://openalex.org/W3017543911"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W4244310223","https://openalex.org/W73983577","https://openalex.org/W1928630823","https://openalex.org/W2566871194","https://openalex.org/W1579052773","https://openalex.org/W183832189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,55,91],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"an":[3],"integrated":[4],"approach":[5],"for":[6],"modeling,":[7],"learning":[8,58],"and":[9,32,52,64,79,84,97,106,139],"synthesizing":[10],"personal":[11],"cursive":[12,137],"handwriting":[13,17,23,77,138,146],"is":[14,18],"proposed.":[15],"Cursive":[16],"modeled":[19],"by":[20],"a":[21,60,65,120],"tri-unit":[22],"model,":[24],"which":[25],"focuses":[26],"on":[27,49],"both":[28],"the":[29,33,56,92,103,113,127,133,141,148],"handwritten":[30],"letters":[31,96],"interconnection":[34],"strokes":[35,40,99],"of":[36,136,147],"adjacent":[37],"letters.":[38],"Handwriting":[39],"are":[41,47,69,88,100],"formed":[42],"from":[43,76,102,119],"generative":[44],"models":[45,83,87,105],"that":[46,126],"based":[48],"control":[50],"points":[51],"B-spline":[53],"curves.":[54],"two-step":[57],"process,":[59,94],"template-based":[61],"matching":[62],"algorithm":[63,68],"data":[66],"congealing":[67],"first":[70],"proposed":[71,128],"to":[72,111,143],"extract":[73],"training":[74],"vectors":[75],"samples,":[78],"then":[80],"letter":[81],"style":[82,86,135],"concatenation":[85],"trained":[89],"separately.":[90],"synthesis":[93],"isolated":[95],"ligature":[98],"generated":[101],"learned":[104],"concatenated":[107],"with":[108,117],"each":[109],"other":[110],"produce":[112],"whole":[114],"word":[115],"trajectory,":[116],"guidance":[118],"deformable":[121],"model.":[122],"Experimental":[123],"results":[124],"show":[125],"system":[129],"can":[130],"effectively":[131],"learn":[132],"individual":[134],"has":[140],"ability":[142],"generate":[144],"novel":[145],"same":[149],"style.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}