{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123345601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030897","title":"Incorporating contextual character geometry in word recognition","display_name":"Incorporating contextual character geometry in word recognition","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123345601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030897","mag":"2123345601"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111987079","display_name":"Hanhong Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanhong Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","CEDAR, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020354604","display_name":"Venu Govindaraju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-7409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Govindaraju","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","CEDAR, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEDAR, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111987079"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2669,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59208457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"123","last_page":"127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.8795508146286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.719654381275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6937021613121033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6560949087142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6497995853424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.6383904814720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5505318641662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-word-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","score":0.5071849822998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.499239444732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-geometry","display_name":"Information geometry","score":0.46877995133399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4519094228744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.43392547965049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.40012016892433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.319126158952713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.30031317472457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.28882840275764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2205866277217865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.05938240885734558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.8795508146286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.719654381275177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6937021613121033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6560949087142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6497995853424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.6383904814720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5505318641662598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17649283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044162","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","level":5,"score":0.5071849822998047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.499239444732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109546454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798604","display_name":"Information geometry","level":4,"score":0.46877995133399963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4519094228744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.43392547965049744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40012016892433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.319126158952713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.30031317472457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.28882840275764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2205866277217865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.05938240885734558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12520029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147161","display_name":"Scalar curvature","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwfhr.2002.1030897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75111356","https://openalex.org/W1909199407","https://openalex.org/W2101215352","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2163374925","https://openalex.org/W2167463180","https://openalex.org/W2783390705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2218402054","https://openalex.org/W4309724674","https://openalex.org/W2811459303","https://openalex.org/W2576806841","https://openalex.org/W2110452885","https://openalex.org/W2553283597","https://openalex.org/W2765918780","https://openalex.org/W2424456397","https://openalex.org/W2096434575","https://openalex.org/W2574457628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Contextual":[0],"character":[1,11,56],"geometry":[2,44,52],"is":[3,78],"the":[4,14,22,29,38,43,50,64,82],"geometric":[5],"information":[6,20],"available":[7],"only":[8],"when":[9],"a":[10,17,34,54],"presents":[12],"in":[13,28],"context":[15],"of":[16,37,45,53,66,84,95],"word.":[18],"Such":[19],"includes":[21],"character's":[23],"location":[24],"and":[25,49,76,88],"relative":[26],"size":[27],"entire":[30],"word":[31,71],"image,":[32],"forming":[33],"bounding":[35],"box":[36],"character.":[39],"The":[40],"differences":[41],"between":[42],"an":[46],"image":[47],"segment":[48],"expected":[51],"candidate":[55],"are":[57],"considered":[58],"as":[59],"additional":[60],"features":[61,87],"to":[62,80],"refine":[63],"recognition":[65,96],"individual":[67],"characters.":[68],"A":[69],"typical":[70],"recognizer":[72],"based":[73],"on":[74,99],"over-segmentation":[75],"segment-combination":[77],"used":[79],"illustrate":[81],"use":[83],"these":[85],"new":[86],"experimental":[89],"results":[90],"have":[91],"shown":[92],"significant":[93],"improvement":[94],"accuracy,":[97],"especially":[98],"large":[100],"lexicons.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}