{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411949712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc65282.2025.11059591","title":"A Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Retinopathy of Prematurity Classification in eHealth Applications","display_name":"A Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Retinopathy of Prematurity Classification in eHealth Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411949712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc65282.2025.11059591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc65282.2025.11059591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc65282.2025.11059591","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093558339","display_name":"Neazmul Mowla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3212-0658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50379099","display_name":"Adana Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/013z3yn41","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50379099"]}],"countries":["BD","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neazmul Mowla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adana Alparslan T&#x00FC;rke&#x015F; Science and Technology University,Aerospace Engineering,Adana,Turkey","North South University,Electrical and Computer Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adana Alparslan T&#x00FC;rke&#x015F; Science and Technology University,Aerospace Engineering,Adana,Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50379099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North South University,Electrical and Computer Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088540080","display_name":"Md. Najmul Mowla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-9858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157386601","display_name":"North South University","ror":"https://ror.org/05wdbfp45","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50379099","display_name":"Adana Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/013z3yn41","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50379099"]}],"countries":["BD","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Najmul Mowla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adana Alparslan T&#x00FC;rke&#x015F; Science and Technology University,Aerospace Engineering,Adana,Turkey","North South University,Electrical and Computer Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adana Alparslan T&#x00FC;rke&#x015F; Science and Technology University,Aerospace Engineering,Adana,Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50379099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"North South University,Electrical and Computer Engineering,Dhaka,Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Khaled Rabie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Rabie","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM),Computer Engineering,Dhahran,Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM),Computer Engineering,Dhahran,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018299454","display_name":"Belal Alsinglawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-3641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91044093","display_name":"Zayed University","ror":"https://ror.org/03snqfa66","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belal Alsinglawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Systems Zayed University,Abu Dhabi,UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Systems Zayed University,Abu Dhabi,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91044093"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093558339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157386601","https://openalex.org/I50379099"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92683496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"227","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12484","display_name":"Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12484","display_name":"Retinopathy of Prematurity Studies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinopathy-of-prematurity","display_name":"Retinopathy of prematurity","score":0.8351057767868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ehealth","display_name":"eHealth","score":0.7969146966934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6992784738540649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4101858139038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40417417883872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.08006194233894348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423087","display_name":"Retinopathy of prematurity","level":4,"score":0.8351057767868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202645933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4930","display_name":"eHealth","level":3,"score":0.7969146966934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6992784738540649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4101858139038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40417417883872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.08006194233894348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc65282.2025.11059591","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc65282.2025.11059591","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2800012666","https://openalex.org/W2910121883","https://openalex.org/W2946733006","https://openalex.org/W3081449365","https://openalex.org/W3210710789","https://openalex.org/W3216580136","https://openalex.org/W4292148537","https://openalex.org/W4386328490","https://openalex.org/W4386362994","https://openalex.org/W4390990495","https://openalex.org/W4392657917","https://openalex.org/W4399051030","https://openalex.org/W4399224114","https://openalex.org/W4399248496","https://openalex.org/W4399997548","https://openalex.org/W4400091821","https://openalex.org/W4400270201","https://openalex.org/W4401343649","https://openalex.org/W4401811387","https://openalex.org/W4404068717","https://openalex.org/W4405908069","https://openalex.org/W4406016337","https://openalex.org/W4408258205"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retinopathy":[0],"of":[1,129,150,154,160,171],"Prematurity":[2],"(ROP)":[3],"is":[4,119],"a":[5,49,65,127,148,152,169],"vision-threatening":[6],"condition":[7],"in":[8,57],"premature":[9],"infants":[10],"requiring":[11],"timely":[12],"and":[13,41,64,75,82,87,112,143,156,174],"accurate":[14],"diagnosis":[15,31],"to":[16,25,133],"prevent":[17],"blindness.":[18],"While":[19],"electronic":[20],"health":[21],"(eHealth)":[22],"technologies":[23],"promise":[24],"improve":[26,85],"neonatal":[27],"care,":[28],"automating":[29],"ROP":[30,58,164],"faces":[32],"challenges":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35],"limited":[36],"labeled":[37],"datasets,":[38],"architectural":[39],"complexity,":[40],"high":[42],"computational":[43],"demands.":[44],"This":[45],"study":[46],"introduces":[47],"LightEyeNet,":[48],"lightweight":[50],"deep-learning":[51],"architecture":[52,123],"optimized":[53],"for":[54],"eHealth":[55],"applications":[56],"severity":[59,165],"classification.":[60],"By":[61],"integrating":[62],"DenseNet121":[63],"channel-wise":[66],"residual":[67],"attention":[68],"network":[69],"block,":[70],"LightEyeNet":[71,90,118,167],"enhances":[72],"diagnostic":[73],"accuracy":[74],"efficiency.":[76,175],"Explainable":[77],"AI":[78],"techniques,":[79],"including":[80,99],"Grad-CAM":[81],"LIME,":[83],"further":[84],"transparency":[86],"clinical":[88],"interpretability.":[89],"achieves":[91],"96.28%":[92],"testing":[93],"accuracy,":[94],"outperforming":[95],"state-of-the-art":[96],"pre-trained":[97],"networks,":[98],"DenseNet201":[100,144],"(95.78%,":[101],"+":[102,106,110,115],"0.5%),":[103],"Inception-V3":[104,137],"(93.80%,":[105],"2.48%),":[107],"Xception":[108,140],"(94.54%,":[109],"1.74%),":[111],"EfficientDense":[113],"(87.10%,":[114],"9.18%).":[116],"Furthermore,":[117],"the":[120],"most":[121],"compact":[122],"among":[124],"these,":[125],"with":[126],"size":[128],"2.45":[130],"MB,":[131],"compared":[132],"Efficient-Dense":[134],"(6.88":[135],"MB),":[136,139,142],"(3.56":[138],"(21.48":[141],"(5.05":[145],"MB).":[146],"With":[147],"specificity":[149],"0.99,":[151],"sensitivity":[153],"0.95,":[155],"an":[157],"AUC":[158],"score":[159],"0.99":[161],"across":[162],"five":[163],"classes,":[166],"demonstrates":[168],"balance":[170],"superior":[172],"performance":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-12T08:28:47.272897","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
