{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385679692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc58020.2023.10182638","title":"A Novel Autonomous Time-Slotted LoRa MAC Protocol with Adaptive Frame Sizes","display_name":"A Novel Autonomous Time-Slotted LoRa MAC Protocol with Adaptive Frame Sizes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385679692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc58020.2023.10182638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc58020.2023.10182638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc58020.2023.10182638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://napier-repository.worktribe.com/file/3084570/1/A%20Novel%20Autonomous%20Time-Slotted%20LoRa%20MAC%20Protocol%20With%20Adaptive%20Frame%20Sizes","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071903457","display_name":"Hanan Alahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-9935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hanan Alahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King AbdulAziz University,Faculty of Computing and Information Technology,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia","Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King AbdulAziz University,Faculty of Computing and Information Technology,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015991480","display_name":"Fatma Bouabdallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9876-8186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatma Bouabdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["King AbdulAziz University,Faculty of Computing and Information Technology,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia","Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King AbdulAziz University,Faculty of Computing and Information Technology,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023246930","display_name":"Ahmed Al\u2010Dubai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-5540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Al-Dubai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edinburgh Napier University,School of Computing,Edinburgh,UK","School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh Napier University,School of Computing,Edinburgh,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002269681","display_name":"Baraq Ghaleb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8361-0634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baraq Ghaleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edinburgh Napier University,School of Computing,Edinburgh,UK","School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edinburgh Napier University,School of Computing,Edinburgh,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071903457"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2649,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5340182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"917","last_page":"922"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8234758377075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7634869813919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6606003642082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5280590653419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5209563970565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5117177963256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aloha","display_name":"Aloha","score":0.5107612609863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4520093500614166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.41493868827819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interior-gateway-protocol","display_name":"Interior gateway protocol","score":0.41452547907829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.39299276471138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.30227118730545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.2087474763393402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1962031126022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.12226012349128723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8234758377075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7634869813919067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6606003642082214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5280590653419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5209563970565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5117177963256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776398200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508880","display_name":"Aloha","level":4,"score":0.5107612609863281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4520093500614166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.41493868827819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52837422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431028","display_name":"Interior gateway protocol","level":5,"score":0.41452547907829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.39299276471138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.30227118730545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.2087474763393402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1962031126022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.12226012349128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc58020.2023.10182638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc58020.2023.10182638","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:3084570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC58020.2023.10182638","pdf_url":"https://napier-repository.worktribe.com/file/3084570/1/A%20Novel%20Autonomous%20Time-Slotted%20LoRa%20MAC%20Protocol%20With%20Adaptive%20Frame%20Sizes","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:3084570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IWCMC58020.2023.10182638","pdf_url":"https://napier-repository.worktribe.com/file/3084570/1/A%20Novel%20Autonomous%20Time-Slotted%20LoRa%20MAC%20Protocol%20With%20Adaptive%20Frame%20Sizes","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322322","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385679692.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385679692.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W2825630662","https://openalex.org/W2898664533","https://openalex.org/W2911373350","https://openalex.org/W2966902125","https://openalex.org/W2974562462","https://openalex.org/W2982334234","https://openalex.org/W3003338413","https://openalex.org/W3006775393","https://openalex.org/W3114088270","https://openalex.org/W3115920552","https://openalex.org/W4223562031","https://openalex.org/W4282971155","https://openalex.org/W4283786684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020802031","https://openalex.org/W2093360341","https://openalex.org/W3023940508","https://openalex.org/W2128816990","https://openalex.org/W2182380586","https://openalex.org/W2051755068","https://openalex.org/W4220786991","https://openalex.org/W2032231484","https://openalex.org/W2373440974","https://openalex.org/W1569052187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time-Slotted":[0,23,67],"Medium":[1],"Access":[2],"Control":[3],"protocols":[4,24],"bring":[5],"advantages":[6],"to":[7,16,47,80,128,135],"the":[8,17,91,107,114,118,151,160,170],"scalability":[9],"of":[10,113,120,165],"LoRa":[11],"networks":[12],"as":[13,103,167,169],"an":[14],"alternative":[15],"ALOHA":[18],"access":[19],"method.":[20],"However,":[21],"such":[22,102],"require":[25],"nodes":[26,52,79,98,130],"synchronization":[27],"and":[28,40,57,106,150],"schedules":[29,56],"dissemination":[30],"under":[31,146],"stringent":[32],"duty":[33],"cycles":[34],"likely":[35],"resulting":[36],"in":[37,163],"improper":[38],"performance":[39],"limited":[41],"scalability.":[42],"One":[43],"possible":[44],"solution":[45],"is":[46,117],"adopt":[48],"decentralized":[49],"approaches":[50],"where":[51],"autonomously":[53],"determine":[54,82],"their":[55,83,104],"other":[58],"transmission":[59,84,133],"parameters.":[60],"Thus,":[61],"this":[62],"paper":[63],"proposes":[64],"a":[65],"novel":[66],"MAC":[68],"protocol,":[69,76],"named":[70],"Autonomous":[71],"Adaptive":[72],"Frame":[73],"Size":[74],"(AAFS-LoRa)":[75],"that":[77,124,154],"allows":[78],"individually":[81],"parameters":[85,134],"without":[86],"extensive":[87],"downlink":[88],"transmissions":[89],"from":[90],"gateway.":[92],"The":[93,110,140],"proposed":[94,115,141],"protocol":[95,116,142,156],"can":[96,157],"conFigure":[97],"by":[99],"maintaining":[100],"information,":[101],"location":[105],"gateway":[108],"location.":[109],"main":[111],"contribution":[112],"adoption":[119],"adaptive":[121],"frame":[122],"sizes":[123],"are":[125],"large":[126],"enough":[127],"accommodate":[129],"with":[131],"common":[132],"mitigate":[136],"collisions":[137],"among":[138],"them.":[139],"has":[143],"been":[144],"investigated":[145],"different":[147],"operating":[148],"conditions,":[149],"experiments":[152],"demonstrates":[153],"our":[155],"effectively":[158],"improve":[159],"network":[161],"performance,":[162],"terms":[164],"latency":[166],"well":[168],"capacity.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2023-08-09T00:00:00"}
