{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285813800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824979","title":"Beam Design for Energy-Efficient Wireless Coverage of 5G mmWave Networks","display_name":"Beam Design for Energy-Efficient Wireless Coverage of 5G mmWave Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285813800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605313","display_name":"2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101468211","display_name":"Fang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2371-3321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013904006","display_name":"Guangyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-0468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022399142","display_name":"Juan Shi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082074489","display_name":"Chao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-7699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099586","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data","ror":"https://ror.org/00z1gwf89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Jiaotong University,State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety,Beijing,China,100044","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101468211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06621909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"584","last_page":"589"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6946187615394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6492455005645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.575700044631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5536900758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5175356268882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4989650249481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.49219122529029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.48261794447898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.46994855999946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4572567045688629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4569665789604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44060370326042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4394543766975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.42290422320365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pilot-signal","display_name":"Pilot signal","score":0.4184724688529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-optimization","display_name":"Power optimization","score":0.4114091992378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3802102208137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.27961868047714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2726207971572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.26185521483421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24772074818611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.195378839969635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.1491321623325348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14418798685073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07949525117874146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6946187615394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6492455005645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.575700044631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5536900758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5175356268882751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4989650249481201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.49219122529029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.48261794447898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.46994855999946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4572567045688629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4569665789604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44060370326042175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4394543766975403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.42290422320365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197264572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2095206","display_name":"Pilot signal","level":3,"score":0.4184724688529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168292644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10860336","display_name":"Power optimization","level":4,"score":0.4114091992378235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3802102208137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.27961868047714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2726207971572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.26185521483421326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24772074818611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.195378839969635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.1491321623325348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14418798685073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07949525117874146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605313","display_name":"2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4343221693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1806604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79131877","https://openalex.org/W2049205301","https://openalex.org/W2058515976","https://openalex.org/W2077482909","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2234862916","https://openalex.org/W2528149099","https://openalex.org/W2807133510","https://openalex.org/W2944465621","https://openalex.org/W2953282751","https://openalex.org/W2961018673","https://openalex.org/W2997466154","https://openalex.org/W3086124169","https://openalex.org/W3114015845","https://openalex.org/W3180281824","https://openalex.org/W6728093832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104962311","https://openalex.org/W2137476548","https://openalex.org/W2557525578","https://openalex.org/W3157321018","https://openalex.org/W4380303740","https://openalex.org/W2067345002","https://openalex.org/W2742144149","https://openalex.org/W1997817686","https://openalex.org/W3212760061","https://openalex.org/W2963435939"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"beam":[3,68,80,110,112,115],"design":[4],"in":[5,32,53,65],"a":[6,29,44,66],"millimeter":[7],"wave":[8],"(mmWave)":[9],"network,":[10,55],"where":[11,35],"some":[12],"obstacles":[13],"block":[14],"the":[15,18,23,36,40,54,63,74,79,83,89,96,109,119,135,148,154,161],"link":[16],"between":[17],"base":[19],"stations":[20],"(BSs)":[21],"and":[22,114,134],"user":[24],"equipments":[25],"(UEs).":[26],"There":[27],"is":[28,103,132,141],"single":[30,41],"cell":[31],"an":[33,126],"area":[34],"UEs":[37],"communicate":[38],"with":[39,160],"BS":[42,64],"through":[43],"line":[45],"of":[46,156],"sight":[47],"(LoS)":[48],"link.":[49],"To":[50,122],"provide":[51],"services":[52],"synchronization":[56],"signal":[57,91],"blocks":[58],"(SSBs)":[59],"are":[60],"transmitted":[61],"by":[62,77,106],"fixed":[67],"pattern.":[69],"We":[70],"aim":[71],"at":[72,95],"minimizing":[73],"transmit":[75],"power":[76,93,100,157],"designing":[78],"while":[81],"meeting":[82],"coverage":[84,120],"requirement,":[85],"which":[86],"depends":[87],"on":[88],"reference":[90],"received":[92],"(RSRP)":[94],"UEs.":[97],"A":[98],"non-convex":[99],"minimization":[101],"problem":[102],"then":[104],"formulated":[105],"jointly":[107],"optimizing":[108],"directions,":[111],"width":[113],"number":[116],"subject":[117],"to":[118],"constraints.":[121],"resolve":[123],"this":[124],"problem,":[125],"alternating":[127],"optimization":[128],"(AO)":[129],"based":[130],"algorithm":[131,150],"proposed":[133,149],"successive":[136],"convex":[137],"approximation":[138],"(SCA)":[139],"method":[140],"applied.":[142],"The":[143],"simulation":[144],"results":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"that":[147],"can":[151],"significantly":[152],"improve":[153],"performance":[155],"consumption":[158],"compared":[159],"other":[162],"two":[163],"heuristic":[164],"algorithms.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}