{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285813928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824318","title":"Parasite Chain Attack Detection in the IOTA Network","display_name":"Parasite Chain Attack Detection in the IOTA Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285813928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824318"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605313","display_name":"2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002676667","display_name":"Shadan Ghaffaripour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shadan Ghaffaripour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryerson University,Department of Computer Science,Toronto,Canada","Department of Computer Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University,Department of Computer Science,Toronto,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101564148","display_name":"Ali Miri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5991-7188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Miri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ryerson University,Department of Computer Science,Toronto,Canada","Department of Computer Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ryerson University,Department of Computer Science,Toronto,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002676667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71563225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"985","last_page":"990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.7680679559707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7471264004707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6405943632125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immutability","display_name":"Immutability","score":0.5762213468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transaction-processing","display_name":"Transaction processing","score":0.5689229369163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ledger","display_name":"Ledger","score":0.5095067620277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5015301704406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4605807960033417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directed-acyclic-graph","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","score":0.44264450669288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.434101402759552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3399352431297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.273190975189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.254267156124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23968949913978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10007056593894958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.7680679559707642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7471264004707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6405943632125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776126399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3942906","display_name":"Immutability","level":3,"score":0.5762213468551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.5689229369163513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91302708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732056","display_name":"Ledger","level":2,"score":0.5095067620277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5015301704406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4605807960033417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74197172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195339","display_name":"Directed acyclic graph","level":2,"score":0.44264450669288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.434101402759552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3399352431297302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.273190975189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.254267156124115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23968949913978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10007056593894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc55113.2022.9824318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605313","display_name":"2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2803501970","https://openalex.org/W2951086007","https://openalex.org/W2982212956","https://openalex.org/W3013928723","https://openalex.org/W3020860879","https://openalex.org/W3043572547","https://openalex.org/W3112273162","https://openalex.org/W3134300301","https://openalex.org/W3158041769","https://openalex.org/W4288318638","https://openalex.org/W6763116665","https://openalex.org/W6776766251","https://openalex.org/W6787143948","https://openalex.org/W6794585007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517747134","https://openalex.org/W2802479602","https://openalex.org/W4386576376","https://openalex.org/W1570380538","https://openalex.org/W3182748079","https://openalex.org/W2019522068","https://openalex.org/W2298790717","https://openalex.org/W4378965685","https://openalex.org/W4378218521","https://openalex.org/W2902590609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"ledger":[1],"technologies":[2],"(DLTs)":[3],"based":[4],"on":[5],"Directed":[6],"Acyclic":[7],"Graphs":[8],"(DAGs)":[9],"have":[10],"been":[11],"gaining":[12],"much":[13],"attention":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,48,137],"their":[17],"performance":[18],"advantage":[19],"over":[20],"the":[21,37,53,56,83,93,99,108,116,130,139,151,165,171,179,188,193],"traditional":[22],"blockchain.":[23],"IOTA":[24,45,84,100,172],"is":[25,46,74,102,113,142,182],"an":[26,63,133],"example":[27],"of":[28,39,55,77,95,110,122,132,153,157,167,190],"DAG-based":[29],"DLT":[30],"that":[31,178],"has":[32],"shown":[33],"its":[34],"significance":[35],"in":[36,82,98,107,115,129,150,164,170,187,192],"Internet":[38],"Things":[40],"(IoT)":[41],"environment.":[42],"Despite":[43],"that,":[44],"vulnerable":[47],"double-spend":[49,80],"attacks,":[50],"which":[51,73],"threaten":[52],"immutability":[54],"ledger.":[57],"In":[58,86],"this":[59,123,144],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"propose":[62],"efficient":[64],"yet":[65],"simple":[66],"method":[67,181],"for":[68],"detecting":[69],"a":[70,79,89,111,154,168],"parasite":[71,158],"chain,":[72,159],"one":[75],"form":[76],"attempting":[78],"attack":[81],"network.":[85,194],"our":[87],"method,":[88],"score":[90,124,140,146],"function":[91,141],"measuring":[92],"importance":[94,109],"each":[96],"transaction":[97,112,169],"network":[101],"employed.":[103],"Any":[104],"abrupt":[105],"change":[106],"reflected":[114],"1st":[117],"and":[118,126,184],"2nd":[119],"order":[120],"derivatives":[121],"function,":[125],"therefore":[127],"used":[128,149],"calculation":[131],"anomaly":[134,145],"score.":[135],"Due":[136],"how":[138],"formulated,":[143],"can":[147],"be":[148],"detection":[152],"particular":[155],"type":[156],"characterized":[160],"by":[161],"sudden":[162],"changes":[163],"in-degree":[166],"graph.":[173],"The":[174],"experimental":[175],"results":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"proposed":[180],"accurate":[183],"linearly":[185],"scalable":[186],"number":[189],"edges":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
