{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191196087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc51323.2021.9498778","title":"LRAR: A Lightweight Risk-Avoidance Routing Algorithm for LEO Satellite Networks","display_name":"LRAR: A Lightweight Risk-Avoidance Routing Algorithm for LEO Satellite Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191196087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc51323.2021.9498778","mag":"3191196087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc51323.2021.9498778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc51323.2021.9498778","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044158221","display_name":"Zhengpin Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengpin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031110393","display_name":"Qian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5487-055X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011803365","display_name":"Hewu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-6542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hewu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061557215","display_name":"Zeqi Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-2738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeqi Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014627828","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3242-3182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9934,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95313554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"223","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8284748792648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6857234239578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5650073885917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5542216300964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.46371033787727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4604646861553192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4430026412010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.4217597246170044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8284748792648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6857234239578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5650073885917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5542216300964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46371033787727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4604646861553192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4430026412010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4217597246170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc51323.2021.9498778","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc51323.2021.9498778","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G909796625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006435204","https://openalex.org/W2099995703","https://openalex.org/W2109495845","https://openalex.org/W2113898293","https://openalex.org/W2132071715","https://openalex.org/W2321707316","https://openalex.org/W2521915382","https://openalex.org/W2783563594","https://openalex.org/W2889330071","https://openalex.org/W2900729845","https://openalex.org/W2904985634","https://openalex.org/W2956241431","https://openalex.org/W2960076810","https://openalex.org/W3024934165","https://openalex.org/W4241579523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100090372","https://openalex.org/W4361205702","https://openalex.org/W2385965183","https://openalex.org/W4289281780","https://openalex.org/W2013342653","https://openalex.org/W2901818815","https://openalex.org/W4237598585","https://openalex.org/W2359552542","https://openalex.org/W182798923","https://openalex.org/W2590022098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"low":[1],"latency":[2],"and":[3,26,44,100,176],"wide":[4,42],"coverage,":[5],"Low":[6],"Earth":[7],"Orbit":[8],"(LEO)":[9],"satellite":[10,48],"networks":[11,49],"can":[12,111,153],"provide":[13],"network":[14,25],"services":[15],"for":[16,85],"places":[17],"that":[18],"cannot":[19],"be":[20,136,154],"reached":[21],"by":[22,63,138],"the":[23,32,41,58,76,86,91,101,106,114,145,160,166],"terrestrial":[24,93],"become":[27],"a":[28,124],"critical":[29],"supplement":[30],"to":[31,52,135,143,165],"traditional":[33,92],"network,":[34],"playing":[35],"an":[36],"increasingly":[37],"important":[38],"role.":[39],"While":[40],"coverage":[43],"broadcasting":[45],"enable":[46],"LEO":[47,107],"(LSNs)":[50],"accessible":[51],"more":[53],"devices,":[54],"this":[55,121],"also":[56],"raises":[57],"risk":[59,146],"of":[60,78,90,105,116,147],"being":[61,150],"attacked":[62],"potential":[64],"adversaries.":[65],"Previous":[66],"research":[67],"on":[68,75],"secure":[69],"routing":[70,127],"is":[71,82],"either":[72],"mainly":[73],"based":[74],"design":[77],"encryption-based":[79,109],"algorithms":[80,110],"or":[81],"only":[83],"suitable":[84],"relative":[87],"static":[88],"topology":[89],"networks.":[94],"However,":[95],"given":[96],"limited":[97],"computational":[98],"resources":[99],"highly":[102],"dynamic":[103],"changes":[104],"satellite,":[108],"hardly":[112],"meet":[113],"demands":[115],"LSNs.":[117],"Unlike":[118],"these":[119],"works,":[120],"paper":[122],"proposes":[123],"lightweight":[125],"risk-avoidance":[126],"algorithm":[128],"(LRAR).":[129],"It":[130],"allows":[131],"users'":[132],"data":[133,149],"packets":[134],"forwarded":[137],"avoiding":[139],"specified":[140],"high-risk":[141],"areas":[142],"reduce":[144],"user":[148],"attacked.":[151],"As":[152],"seen":[155],"in":[156],"extensive":[157],"simulation":[158],"experiments,":[159],"LRAR":[161],"implements":[162],"results":[163],"close":[164],"optimal":[167],"path":[168],"with":[169],"little":[170],"overhead.":[171],"Also,":[172],"it":[173],"enhances":[174],"security":[175],"flexible":[177],"extensibility.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
