{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963019646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766774","title":"Performance Analysis on Fractal Small Cell Networks with MIMO Antennas","display_name":"Performance Analysis on Fractal Small Cell Networks with MIMO Antennas","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963019646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766774","mag":"2963019646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Wireless Communications &amp; Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077910430","display_name":"Xiaotong Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8614-1266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434205","display_name":"Jiaqi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4801-9256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057308968","display_name":"Xiaohu Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-5241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430045","display_name":"Qiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1471-3821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448724","display_name":"Yonghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077910430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0606634,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1662","last_page":"1667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.778378963470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.7737385034561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7409278154373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isotropy","display_name":"Isotropy","score":0.6447309255599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.6057867407798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponent","display_name":"Exponent","score":0.5020005702972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48749709129333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-distance-path-loss-model","display_name":"Log-distance path loss model","score":0.48273390531539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3427455425262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32228076457977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.3216322660446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3155866265296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2812446355819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2810397446155548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.13505160808563232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10159102082252502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.778378963470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.7737385034561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7409278154373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.6447309255599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.6057867407798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421508","display_name":"Exponent","level":2,"score":0.5020005702972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48749709129333496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97316775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3575778","display_name":"Log-distance path loss model","level":4,"score":0.48273390531539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3427455425262451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32228076457977295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3216322660446167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3155866265296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2812446355819702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2810397446155548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.13505160808563232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10159102082252502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766774","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Wireless Communications &amp; Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575399286","https://openalex.org/W1574589305","https://openalex.org/W1639008916","https://openalex.org/W1904967504","https://openalex.org/W2062352981","https://openalex.org/W2075774919","https://openalex.org/W2102050507","https://openalex.org/W2110532959","https://openalex.org/W2118166339","https://openalex.org/W2124225813","https://openalex.org/W2134686390","https://openalex.org/W2145873277","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2155860576","https://openalex.org/W2166021179","https://openalex.org/W2191948661","https://openalex.org/W2261198379","https://openalex.org/W2410519101","https://openalex.org/W2536963233","https://openalex.org/W2593489945","https://openalex.org/W2797024182","https://openalex.org/W2809232290","https://openalex.org/W3099108554","https://openalex.org/W3105072513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2578999646","https://openalex.org/W2004117546","https://openalex.org/W3088968802","https://openalex.org/W1526056977","https://openalex.org/W2098935768","https://openalex.org/W1584982003","https://openalex.org/W2377748771","https://openalex.org/W2034952598","https://openalex.org/W2117413196","https://openalex.org/W2067457842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Different":[0],"from":[1,60],"the":[2,19,31,35,39,42,50,55,61,70,73,79,83,89,92,97,106,112,116,129,134,149,166,171,186],"existing":[3],"isotropic":[4,108],"path":[5,15,93,109,118,131],"loss":[6,16,94,110,119,132],"model,":[7,111,133],"in":[8,29,64,124,148,165,189],"this":[9],"paper,":[10],"we":[11,67],"develop":[12],"an":[13],"anisotropic":[14,117,130],"model":[17,120,173],"for":[18,82],"fifth":[20],"generation":[21],"(5G)":[22],"multi-input":[23],"multi-output":[24],"(MIMO)":[25],"fractal":[26,36,84,187],"cellular":[27],"networks,":[28,87],"which":[30],"coverage":[32,71,113,172],"boundary":[33],"has":[34,121],"characteristics":[37],"including":[38],"self-similarity":[40],"and":[41,78,157],"detailed":[43],"structure":[44],"at":[45],"arbitrarily":[46],"small":[47,85,125,175],"scales":[48],"of":[49,174],"angle":[51],"domain.":[52],"Based":[53],"on":[54],"real-world":[56],"measurement":[57],"data":[58],"collected":[59],"Zhangjiang":[62],"Road":[63],"Shanghai,":[65],"China,":[66],"analytically":[68],"derive":[69],"probability,":[72],"area":[74],"spectral":[75],"efficiency":[76],"(ASE),":[77],"sum":[80],"rate":[81],"cell":[86,126,176],"with":[88,105,136,143,162],"assumption":[90],"that":[91,103,142,161],"exponent":[95],"follows":[96],"Gamma":[98],"distribution.":[99],"Simulation":[100],"results":[101],"indicate":[102],"compared":[104],"conventional":[107],"probability":[114],"under":[115],"been":[122],"overestimated":[123],"networks.":[127],"With":[128],"ASE":[135],"MIMO":[137],"technologies":[138,147,164],"is":[139,158],"higher":[140],"than":[141,160],"single-input":[144],"single-output":[145],"(SISO)":[146],"low":[150],"signal":[151],"to":[152,179],"interference":[153],"ratio":[154],"(SIR)":[155],"regions":[156],"lower":[159],"SISO":[163],"high":[167],"SIR":[168],"regions.":[169],"Therefore,":[170],"network":[177],"needs":[178],"be":[180],"rethought":[181],"by":[182],"taking":[183],"into":[184],"account":[185],"characteristic":[188],"wireless":[190],"channels.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
