{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963190269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766725","title":"DEEP: Design and Evaluation of an Energy-efficient Wireless Sensor Node for Leak Detection in Water Pipes","display_name":"DEEP: Design and Evaluation of an Energy-efficient Wireless Sensor Node for Leak Detection in Water Pipes","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963190269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766725","mag":"2963190269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103172942","display_name":"Fatma Karray","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-725X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119561","display_name":"Digital Research Centre of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/02s48dm85","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119561"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatma Karray","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Research Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Research Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119561"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102432792","display_name":"Mariem Triki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119561","display_name":"Digital Research Centre of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/02s48dm85","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119561"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariem Triki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Research Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Research Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119561"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026522015","display_name":"Mohamed Abid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-292X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119561","display_name":"Digital Research Centre of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/02s48dm85","country_code":"TN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119561"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Research Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Research Center of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119561"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119561"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9606,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90051879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1791","last_page":"1796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7559608221054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6690901517868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6689687371253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6388735771179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-node","display_name":"Sensor node","score":0.6238001585006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6180204153060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6047921776771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.5327845811843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.5010316371917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.48001259565353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.46396270394325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4360741376876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.355824738740921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29870009422302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.2981545925140381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2930898070335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2899168133735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15793335437774658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7559608221054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6690901517868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6689687371253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6388735771179199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111185680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3866206","display_name":"Sensor node","level":5,"score":0.6238001585006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6180204153060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6047921776771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.5327845811843872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.5010316371917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.48001259565353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46396270394325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4360741376876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.355824738740921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29870009422302246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2981545925140381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2930898070335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2899168133735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15793335437774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322997","display_name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdz6m39"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984255729","https://openalex.org/W1993260141","https://openalex.org/W2068004135","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2134072673","https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W2311515739","https://openalex.org/W2487590043","https://openalex.org/W2507232942","https://openalex.org/W2597882700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4380433113","https://openalex.org/W4386072068","https://openalex.org/W252339960","https://openalex.org/W2390529043","https://openalex.org/W2378320433","https://openalex.org/W2358343511","https://openalex.org/W2051877971","https://openalex.org/W1970117064","https://openalex.org/W1787170397","https://openalex.org/W4292347844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"sensor":[1,97,166],"network":[2],"(WSN)":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"a":[6,118],"wide":[7],"range":[8],"of":[9,23,56,64,73,172],"applications":[10,27],"due":[11],"to":[12,116,161],"its":[13,20,24],"performance,":[14],"low":[15],"cost,":[16],"flexibility,":[17],"ease-to-use":[18],"and":[19,32,39,75,84,105,129,134,137,141],"efficiency.":[21],"One":[22],"most":[25],"significant":[26],"is":[28,62],"the":[29,112,142,170],"leak":[30],"detection":[31],"localization":[33],"in":[34,43,50,54,71,88,145],"water":[35,89,101,154],"pipelines.":[36],"Various":[37,124],"projects":[38],"works":[40],"are":[41,70,81,132],"reported":[42],"this":[44,51,93,146],"context.":[45],"However,":[46],"improvements":[47],"still":[48],"needed":[49],"field":[52],"especially":[53,152],"term":[55],"node":[57,98,121,150,167],"design.":[58],"In":[59,92],"fact,":[60],"WSN":[61],"composed":[63],"battery":[65],"powered":[66],"small":[67],"nodes":[68],"that":[69],"charge":[72],"collecting":[74],"transmitting":[76],"data":[77],"wirelessly.":[78],"These":[79],"devices":[80],"energy":[82],"constrained":[83],"not":[85],"well":[86],"evolved":[87],"pipeline":[90,102,155],"application.":[91,103],"paper,":[94],"we":[95],"present":[96],"prototypes":[99],"for":[100,111,153],"Experimental":[104],"comparative":[106],"studies":[107],"have":[108],"been":[109],"performed":[110],"different":[113],"node's":[114],"components":[115],"achieve":[117],"final":[119],"adequate":[120],"design,":[122],"DEEP.":[123],"processing":[125],"platforms,":[126],"sensors,":[127],"amplifiers":[128],"communication":[130],"technologies":[131],"theoretically":[133],"experimentally":[135],"studied":[136],"evaluated.":[138],"The":[139],"comparison":[140],"results":[143],"presented,":[144],"paper":[147],"will":[148],"help":[149],"designer":[151],"monitoring.":[156],"Moreover,":[157],"they":[158],"permitted":[159],"us":[160],"design":[162],"DEEP,":[163],"an":[164],"energy-aware":[165],"platform":[168],"by":[169],"use":[171],"power":[173],"management":[174],"techniques.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}