{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943238668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766667","title":"MAVSec: Securing the MAVLink Protocol for Ardupilot/PX4 Unmanned Aerial Systems","display_name":"MAVSec: Securing the MAVLink Protocol for Ardupilot/PX4 Unmanned Aerial Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943238668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766667","mag":"2943238668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766667","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.00265","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011262723","display_name":"Azza Allouch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-6019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azza Allouch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), University of El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014913261","display_name":"Omar Cheikhrouhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-3898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179331831","display_name":"Taif University","ror":"https://ror.org/014g1a453","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}],"countries":["SA","TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Cheikhrouhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Embedded Systems Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","College of CIT, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Embedded Systems Laboratory, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of CIT, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179331831"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024626195","display_name":"Anis Koub\u00e2a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3787-7423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anis Koubaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISTER/INESC-TEC, ISEP, Portugal","[Prince Sultan University, Saudi Arabia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISTER/INESC-TEC, ISEP, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Prince Sultan University, Saudi Arabia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102803559","display_name":"Mohamed Khalgui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6311-3588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34949971","display_name":"University of Jinan","ror":"https://ror.org/02mjz6f26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34949971"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Khalgui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jinan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jinan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34949971","https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005342062","display_name":"Tarek Abbes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-1115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarek Abbes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Security Research Unit, ENETCOM, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Security Research Unit, ENETCOM, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.9877,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98548643,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"621","last_page":"628"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rc4","display_name":"RC4","score":0.8889251351356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7705106735229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.7158212661743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6859837770462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aka","display_name":"AKA","score":0.6048179268836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5989570021629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4974258244037628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4811733663082123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4759616255760193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109154458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846955","display_name":"RC4","level":4,"score":0.8889251351356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7705106735229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.7158212661743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6859837770462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121158502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4652161","display_name":"AKA","level":2,"score":0.6048179268836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5989570021629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4974258244037628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4811733663082123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4759616255760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92950451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864718","display_name":"Stream cipher","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766667","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.00265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.00265","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.00265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:recipp.ipp.pt:10400.22/14576","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/14576","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference object"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1905.00265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.00265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"mag:2943238668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.00265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.00265","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.00265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943238668.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2943238668.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W289066742","https://openalex.org/W1481782694","https://openalex.org/W1532107542","https://openalex.org/W2004513455","https://openalex.org/W2046583194","https://openalex.org/W2068516265","https://openalex.org/W2089478084","https://openalex.org/W2133328948","https://openalex.org/W2161015635","https://openalex.org/W2251608823","https://openalex.org/W2262479410","https://openalex.org/W2292057667","https://openalex.org/W2340651902","https://openalex.org/W2342656438","https://openalex.org/W2407532539","https://openalex.org/W2497079690","https://openalex.org/W2573870368","https://openalex.org/W2612185149","https://openalex.org/W2613890548","https://openalex.org/W2730473578","https://openalex.org/W2794927458","https://openalex.org/W2889372524","https://openalex.org/W2891846553","https://openalex.org/W2943238668","https://openalex.org/W2963456480","https://openalex.org/W2964266016","https://openalex.org/W4213130208","https://openalex.org/W6610398729","https://openalex.org/W6662278609","https://openalex.org/W6672829639","https://openalex.org/W6713652760","https://openalex.org/W6723902032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964266016","https://openalex.org/W2967467731","https://openalex.org/W3011394151","https://openalex.org/W2566928644","https://openalex.org/W2969915019","https://openalex.org/W3046461380","https://openalex.org/W3164155579","https://openalex.org/W2583345656","https://openalex.org/W2984146527","https://openalex.org/W2782888591","https://openalex.org/W3200333327","https://openalex.org/W2800467193","https://openalex.org/W2554979296","https://openalex.org/W3120244683","https://openalex.org/W2789528202","https://openalex.org/W3193130826","https://openalex.org/W3174852073","https://openalex.org/W3187603252","https://openalex.org/W2989869976","https://openalex.org/W3159452712"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34,150],"MAVLink":[1,53,91,100,114,171],"is":[2,55,161],"a":[3,19,26,31,96,157],"lightweight":[4],"communication":[5],"protocol":[6,54,92],"between":[7,25,116],"Unmanned":[8],"Aerial":[9],"Vehicles":[10],"(UAVs)":[11],"and":[12,30,43,58,70,93,118,128,140,147,160,185,191],"ground":[13,32,49],"control":[14,44],"stations":[15],"(GCSs).":[16],"It":[17],"defines":[18],"set":[20],"of":[21,89,105,112,132,144],"bi-directional":[22],"messages":[23,35,115,175],"exchanged":[24,113],"UAV":[27],"(aka":[28],"drone)":[29],"station.":[33,50],"carry":[36],"out":[37],"information":[38],"about":[39],"the":[40,48,52,86,90,103,110,130,193,196],"UAV's":[41],"states":[42],"commands":[45],"sent":[46],"from":[47],"However,":[51],"not":[56],"secure":[57],"has":[59,156],"several":[60],"vulnerabilities":[61,88],"to":[62,78,108],"different":[63,133],"attacks":[64],"that":[65,101,154],"result":[66],"in":[67,126,142],"critical":[68],"threats":[69],"safety":[71],"concerns.":[72],"Very":[73],"few":[74],"studies":[75],"provided":[76],"solutions":[77],"this":[79,82],"problem.":[80],"In":[81],"paper,":[83],"we":[84,123],"discuss":[85],"security":[87],"propose":[94],"MAVSec,":[95,122],"security-integrated":[97],"mechanism":[98],"for":[99,195],"leverages":[102],"use":[104],"encryption":[106,134,166],"algorithms":[107,135],"ensure":[109],"protection":[111],"UAVs":[117],"GCSs.":[119],"To":[120],"validate":[121],"implemented":[124],"it":[125],"Ardupilot":[127],"evaluated":[129],"performance":[131,159],"(i.e.":[136],"AES-CBC,":[137],"AES-CTR,":[138],"RC4":[139],"ChaCha20)":[141],"terms":[143],"memory":[145,184,190],"usage":[146],"CPU":[148,186],"consumption.":[149],"experimental":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"ChaCha20":[155,169],"better":[158],"more":[162],"efficient":[163],"than":[164],"other":[165],"algorithms.":[167],"Integrating":[168],"into":[170],"can":[172],"guarantee":[173],"its":[174,179],"confidentiality,":[176],"without":[177],"affecting":[178],"performance,":[180],"while":[181],"occupying":[182],"less":[183],"consumption,":[187],"thus,":[188],"preserving":[189],"saving":[192],"battery":[194],"resource-constrained":[197],"drone.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2021-07-05T00:00:00"}