{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962915669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766452","title":"A Stochastic Method to Physical Layer Security of an Amplify-and-Forward Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: Secondary User to Relay","display_name":"A Stochastic Method to Physical Layer Security of an Amplify-and-Forward Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks: Secondary User to Relay","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962915669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766452","mag":"2962915669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Wireless Communications &amp; Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/14204/1/PLS_IWCMC19_Accepted.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000602099","display_name":"Oluyomi Simpson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5067-2046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluyomi Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020364531","display_name":"Yichuang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8352-2119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichuang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1211,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45970583,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"197","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9757000207901001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.8957716226577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.7963252663612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.752960205078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.6591078042984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6583670973777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6426374912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.5990078449249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.5153886079788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.5014760494232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion-center","display_name":"Fusion center","score":0.4638656973838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.447751522064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.29186785221099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2180817425251007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21637415885925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1620270013809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.1418493092060089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10956501960754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09869584441184998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.8957716226577759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.7963252663612366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.752960205078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.6591078042984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6583670973777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6426374912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.5990078449249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.5153886079788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.5014760494232178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781234732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943505","display_name":"Fusion center","level":4,"score":0.4638656973838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.447751522064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.29186785221099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2180817425251007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21637415885925293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1620270013809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.1418493092060089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10956501960754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09869584441184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766452","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 15th International Wireless Communications &amp; Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/21602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/21602","pdf_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/14204/1/PLS_IWCMC19_Accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/21602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/21602","pdf_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/14204/1/PLS_IWCMC19_Accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962915669.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2962915669.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540714528","https://openalex.org/W1977283868","https://openalex.org/W2034442720","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2080693943","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2118812831","https://openalex.org/W2123658733","https://openalex.org/W2133855049","https://openalex.org/W2143398778","https://openalex.org/W2144007657","https://openalex.org/W2148041126","https://openalex.org/W2148178146","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2156445794","https://openalex.org/W2159687282","https://openalex.org/W2163632632","https://openalex.org/W2171006634","https://openalex.org/W2294224495","https://openalex.org/W2328795218","https://openalex.org/W2542429611","https://openalex.org/W2575684252","https://openalex.org/W2592583014","https://openalex.org/W2730812490","https://openalex.org/W2765551136","https://openalex.org/W2767585492","https://openalex.org/W2802338095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3026705917","https://openalex.org/W2516026999","https://openalex.org/W2155410265","https://openalex.org/W2769689807","https://openalex.org/W3121990887","https://openalex.org/W3166880716","https://openalex.org/W2904430835","https://openalex.org/W3193707396","https://openalex.org/W2037577183","https://openalex.org/W4287118701"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,34],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,23,29,48,158,179],"framework":[4],"for":[5,88],"capitalizing":[6],"on":[7,72],"the":[8,35,38,53,73,84,89,106,110,113,125,133,146,152,163,172,182,186],"potential":[9],"benefits":[10],"of":[11,55,76,112,135,148,174],"physical":[12],"layer":[13],"security":[14,111],"in":[15,22,145,181],"an":[16,143],"amplify-and-forward":[17],"cooperative":[18],"spectrum":[19],"sensing":[20,39,81],"(AF-CSS)":[21],"cognitive":[24],"radio":[25],"network":[26,37],"(CRN)":[27],"using":[28],"stochastic":[30],"geometry":[31],"is":[32,137,178],"proposed.":[33],"CRN":[36],"data":[40,82],"from":[41],"secondary":[42,65],"users":[43,66],"(SUs)":[44,67],"are":[45,68,93],"collected":[46],"by":[47],"fusion":[49],"center":[50],"(FC)":[51],"with":[52,157],"help":[54],"access":[56],"points":[57],"(AP)":[58],"as":[59],"relays,":[60],"and":[61,100,127,188],"when":[62,132],"malicious":[63],"eavesdropping":[64],"listening.":[69],"We":[70],"focus":[71],"secure":[74],"transmission":[75],"active":[77,175],"SUs":[78],"transmitting":[79],"their":[80],"to":[83],"AP.":[85,191],"Closed":[86],"expressions":[87],"average":[90,121,154,165],"secrecy":[91,122,155,166,183],"rate":[92,123,167,184],"presented.":[94],"Numerical":[95],"results":[96,118],"corroborate":[97],"our":[98],"analysis":[99],"show":[101,119],"that":[102,120,142],"multiple":[103],"antennas":[104],"at":[105,161],"APs":[107],"can":[108],"enhance":[109],"AF-CSS-CRN.":[114],"The":[115],"obtained":[116],"numerical":[117],"between":[124,185],"AP":[126,136,149],"its":[128,189],"correlated":[129,190],"FC":[130],"decreases":[131],"number":[134,147,173],"increased.":[138],"Nevertheless,":[139],"we":[140],"find":[141],"increase":[144],"initially":[150],"increases":[151],"overall":[153,164],"rate,":[156],"perilous":[159],"value":[160],"which":[162],"then":[168],"decreases.":[169],"While":[170],"increasing":[171],"SUs,":[176],"there":[177],"decrease":[180],"sensor":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
