{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888853207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450404","title":"A Machine Learning Model for Classifying Unsolicited IoT Devices by Observing Network Telescopes","display_name":"A Machine Learning Model for Classifying Unsolicited IoT Devices by Observing Network Telescopes","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888853207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450404","mag":"2888853207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090941366","display_name":"Mohd. Farooq Shaikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9865-6224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farooq Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039079298","display_name":"Elias Bou\u2010Harb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8040-4635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elias Bou-Harb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber Threat Intelligence Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Threat Intelligence Laboratory, Florida Atlantic University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058298121","display_name":"Jorge Crichigno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-5300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Crichigno","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022742519","display_name":"Nasir Ghani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-7439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Ghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090941366"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4336,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95036469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"938","last_page":"943"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7984004020690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6499625444412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5765186548233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5442711114883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5202128291130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4658677577972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45224982500076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honeypot","display_name":"Honeypot","score":0.44671815633773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44472938776016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2401336133480072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7984004020690918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6499625444412231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5765186548233032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5442711114883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5202128291130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4658677577972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45224982500076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191267431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911932","display_name":"Honeypot","level":2,"score":0.44671815633773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44472938776016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2401336133480072}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177792351","https://openalex.org/W1968969471","https://openalex.org/W1983831858","https://openalex.org/W1988538876","https://openalex.org/W2000497232","https://openalex.org/W2017528992","https://openalex.org/W2019768127","https://openalex.org/W2040884411","https://openalex.org/W2096118443","https://openalex.org/W2100537916","https://openalex.org/W2121973001","https://openalex.org/W2133941447","https://openalex.org/W2147029177","https://openalex.org/W2149274049","https://openalex.org/W2167917621","https://openalex.org/W2182464523","https://openalex.org/W2344469686","https://openalex.org/W2517975492","https://openalex.org/W2607965789","https://openalex.org/W2608418534","https://openalex.org/W2621148797","https://openalex.org/W2734140326","https://openalex.org/W2754804809","https://openalex.org/W2768718335","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2966207845","https://openalex.org/W3104092367","https://openalex.org/W6647460891","https://openalex.org/W6655474332","https://openalex.org/W6744392808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789663798","https://openalex.org/W2375896275","https://openalex.org/W4230913293","https://openalex.org/W2166943775","https://openalex.org/W2775236000","https://openalex.org/W2073762068","https://openalex.org/W2312996858","https://openalex.org/W2392120181","https://openalex.org/W2307276533","https://openalex.org/W2390124310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,28,48,77,80,88,117,183,187,227],"Things":[3],"[IoT]":[4],"promises":[5],"to":[6,36,58,127,138,167,232],"revolutionize":[7],"the":[8,26,59,75,86,93,102,111,115,192,212],"way":[9],"we":[10,134],"interact":[11],"with":[12,25,34,85],"our":[13,217],"surroundings.":[14],"Smart":[15],"cars,":[16],"smart":[17,19],"cities,":[18],"homes":[20],"are":[21,96],"now":[22],"being":[23],"realized":[24],"help":[27,87],"various":[29,78],"embedded":[30,42],"devices":[31,43,91,124,142,190,237],"that":[32,197],"operate":[33],"little":[35],"no":[37],"human":[38],"interaction.":[39],"However":[40],"these":[41,118,169,175],"bring":[44],"forth":[45],"a":[46,136,225],"plethora":[47],"security":[49],"challenges":[50],"as":[51,224,242,244],"most":[52],"manufacturers":[53],"still":[54],"assign":[55],"higher":[56],"importance":[57],"three":[60],"Ps":[61],"(prototyping,":[62],"production":[63],"and":[64,120,177,200,206],"performance)":[65],"than":[66],"security.":[67],"This":[68],"inherent":[69],"flaw":[70],"has":[71,211],"manifested":[72],"itself":[73],"in":[74,143,181],"form":[76],"Denial":[79],"Service":[81],"(DoS)":[82],"attacks":[83,119],"orchestrated":[84],"unsolicited":[89,140],"IoT":[90,141,189,236],"on":[92,110,191],"Internet.":[94,112,193],"We":[95,160,173,215],"even":[97],"seeing":[98],"massive":[99],"throughputs":[100],"without":[101],"need":[103],"for":[104,158],"amplifications":[105],"affecting":[106],"large":[107],"scale":[108],"infrastructures":[109],"Thus,":[113],"understanding":[114],"nature":[116],"quickly":[121,233],"identifying":[122,185],"infected":[123,235],"becomes":[125],"imperative":[126],"combat":[128],"this":[129,132],"situation.":[130],"In":[131],"paper":[133],"present":[135],"model":[137,218],"classify":[139,168],"enterprises":[144,223],"using":[145],"machine":[146],"learning":[147],"(ML).":[148],"Namely":[149],"IP":[150],"header":[151],"information":[152],"from":[153],"darknet":[154],"data":[155],"is":[156],"collected":[157],"analysis.":[159],"then":[161],"consider":[162],"multiple":[163],"supervised":[164],"ML":[165],"algorithms":[166,176],"Layer":[170],"3":[171],"headers.":[172],"evaluate":[174],"compare":[178],"their":[179,228,239],"performances":[180],"terms":[182],"accurately":[184],"activities":[186,247],"malicious":[188],"Our":[194],"results":[195],"show":[196],"Random":[198],"Forest":[199],"Gradient":[201],"Boosting":[202],"have":[203],"high":[204],"recall":[205],"precision":[207],"scores":[208],"whereas":[209],"NaiveBayes":[210],"worst":[213],"performance.":[214],"believe":[216],"can":[219],"be":[220],"used":[221],"by":[222],"part":[226],"intrusion":[229],"detection":[230],"system":[231],"identify":[234,245],"within":[238],"own":[240],"environment":[241],"well":[243],"scanning":[246],"directed":[248],"towards":[249],"them.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-01T08:55:55.761014","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}