{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889027029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450397","title":"Hardware based Two-Factor User Authentication for the Internet of Things","display_name":"Hardware based Two-Factor User Authentication for the Internet of Things","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889027029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450397","mag":"2889027029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th International Wireless Communications &amp; Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/135596","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077658725","display_name":"Mehdi Akbari Gurabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1734-8367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Akbari Gurabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Goettingen, Institute of Computer Science, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Goettingen, Institute of Computer Science, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047026330","display_name":"Omar Alfandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9581-401X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Alfandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Goettingen, Institute of Computer Science, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Goettingen, Institute of Computer Science, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026662795","display_name":"Arne Bochem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arne Bochem","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Goettingen, Institute of Computer Science, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Goettingen, Institute of Computer Science, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069726066","display_name":"Dieter Hogrefe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-9863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieter Hogrefe","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Goettingen, Institute of Computer Science, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Goettingen, Institute of Computer Science, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82174774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1081","last_page":"1086"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7766727209091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6835853457450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5852983593940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-factor-authentication","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","score":0.5538738965988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.5414277911186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.5293042659759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5233190059661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47987523674964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.46520334482192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightweight-extensible-authentication-protocol","display_name":"Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol","score":0.4627886116504669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.455628365278244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-objects","display_name":"Smart objects","score":0.41961103677749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4142327308654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.312895268201828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.152544766664505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7766727209091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6835853457450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5852983593940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194699767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7878662","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","level":4,"score":0.5538738965988159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.5414277911186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.5293042659759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5233190059661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47987523674964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46520334482192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167169670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824705","display_name":"Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol","level":4,"score":0.4627886116504669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.455628365278244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294986","display_name":"Smart objects","level":3,"score":0.41961103677749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4142327308654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.312895268201828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.152544766664505}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450397","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th International Wireless Communications &amp; Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/135596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/135596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401634","display_name":"GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122495","host_organization_name":"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.goettingen-research-online.de:2/135596","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/135596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401634","display_name":"GoeScholar  The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen (Georg-August-Universit\u00e4t G\u00f6ttingen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210122495","host_organization_name":"Asklepios Klinik St. Georg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W317521241","https://openalex.org/W766082629","https://openalex.org/W1486351179","https://openalex.org/W1567573409","https://openalex.org/W1823961184","https://openalex.org/W1927099252","https://openalex.org/W1963971487","https://openalex.org/W1966027500","https://openalex.org/W1971903460","https://openalex.org/W1982978378","https://openalex.org/W1994248320","https://openalex.org/W2003135282","https://openalex.org/W2003544295","https://openalex.org/W2007287631","https://openalex.org/W2036378739","https://openalex.org/W2053249018","https://openalex.org/W2095054754","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2113398958","https://openalex.org/W2116392345","https://openalex.org/W2127898253","https://openalex.org/W2134585683","https://openalex.org/W2167984898","https://openalex.org/W2171427043","https://openalex.org/W2526398895","https://openalex.org/W2949170220","https://openalex.org/W3122401678","https://openalex.org/W3137087402","https://openalex.org/W4213165937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093798919","https://openalex.org/W2393298610","https://openalex.org/W3022695109","https://openalex.org/W2390304521","https://openalex.org/W2050433615","https://openalex.org/W2907262898","https://openalex.org/W2352114587","https://openalex.org/W4253316174","https://openalex.org/W2360165953","https://openalex.org/W3101929529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,24,58,63,77,86,92,95,122,153,157,170,183],"distributed":[2,42,68],"Internet":[3],"of":[4,62,80,100,129,159,177],"Things":[5],"(IoT)":[6],"architecture,":[7],"sensors":[8],"collect":[9],"data":[10,64],"from":[11],"vehicles,":[12],"home":[13],"appliances":[14],"and":[15,18,30,37,52,60,84,97,134,136,146,174],"office":[16],"equipment":[17],"other":[19,34],"environments.":[20],"Various":[21],"objects":[22],"contain":[23],"sensor":[25],"which":[26,155],"process":[27],"data,":[28],"cooperate":[29],"exchange":[31],"information":[32],"with":[33,185],"embedded":[35],"devices":[36],"end":[38],"users":[39],"in":[40,65,109,152,187],"a":[41,67,73,127,144,149],"network.":[43],"It":[44],"is":[45,72],"important":[46],"to":[47,56,75,106],"provide":[48],"end-to-end":[49],"communication":[50],"security":[51,59,78],"an":[53,101],"authentication":[54,71,82,102,138,161],"system":[55,87,184],"guarantee":[57],"reliability":[61],"such":[66],"system.":[69],"Two-factor":[70],"solution":[74],"improve":[76],"level":[79],"password-based":[81],"processes":[83],"immunized":[85],"against":[88],"many":[89,115],"attacks.":[90],"At":[91],"same":[93],"time,":[94],"computational":[96],"storage":[98],"overhead":[99],"method":[103],"also":[104],"needs":[105],"be":[107],"considered":[108],"IoT":[110,154],"scenarios.":[111],"For":[112],"this":[113],"reason,":[114],"cryptographic":[116],"schemes":[117],"are":[118],"designed":[119],"especially":[120],"for":[121,148],"IoT;":[123],"however,":[124],"we":[125],"observe":[126],"lack":[128],"laboratory":[130],"hardware":[131,139,150],"test":[132],"beds":[133],"modules,":[135],"universal":[137],"modules.":[140],"This":[141],"paper":[142],"proposes":[143],"design":[145],"analysis":[147],"module":[151],"allows":[156],"use":[158],"two-factor":[160],"based":[162],"on":[163],"smart":[164],"cards,":[165],"while":[166],"taking":[167],"into":[168],"consideration":[169],"limited":[171],"processing":[172],"power":[173],"energy":[175],"reserves":[176],"nodes,":[178],"as":[179,181],"well":[180],"designing":[182],"scalability":[186],"mind.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
