{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888893086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450289","title":"Q-Learning for energy balancing and avoiding the void hole routing protocol in underwater sensor networks","display_name":"Q-Learning for energy balancing and avoiding the void hole routing protocol in underwater sensor networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888893086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450289","mag":"2888893086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th International Wireless Communications &amp; Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055380996","display_name":"Nadeem Javaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nadeem Javaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009809956","display_name":"Obaida Abdul Karim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121243025","display_name":"International Islamic University, Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/047w75g40","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Obaida Abdul Karim","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121243025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086231067","display_name":"Arshad Sher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0650-0335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshad Sher","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031927335","display_name":"Muhammad Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080750168","display_name":"Ansar-Ul-Haque Yasar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-2658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","display_name":"Hasselt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nbhqj75","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ansar Ul Haque Yasar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transportation Research Institute (IMOB), Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155093810","display_name":"University of Idaho","ror":"https://ror.org/03hbp5t65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Idaho & University of Idaho, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Idaho & University of Idaho, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155093810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055380996"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7412,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89077997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"702","last_page":"706"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6883382797241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6825154423713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.6808670163154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forwarder","display_name":"Forwarder","score":0.5969371199607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5822166204452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.48026323318481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.451180100440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36500364542007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3283325731754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.32808756828308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17948254942893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06936874985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6883382797241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6825154423713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.6808670163154602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781363737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616007","display_name":"Forwarder","level":2,"score":0.5969371199607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5822166204452515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.48026323318481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.451180100440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36500364542007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3283325731754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.32808756828308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17948254942893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06936874985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2018.8450289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 14th International Wireless Communications &amp; Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:vital:16169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/182631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400234","display_name":"FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210158496","host_organization_name":"Australian Federation of University Women \u2013 South Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158496"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:documentserver.uhasselt.be:1942/27907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1942/27907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401926","display_name":"Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I878454856","host_organization_name":"Hasselt University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I878454856"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040135213","https://openalex.org/W2060915659","https://openalex.org/W2065390037","https://openalex.org/W2072834015","https://openalex.org/W2087246426","https://openalex.org/W2113921460","https://openalex.org/W2124415567","https://openalex.org/W2124743724","https://openalex.org/W2130509337","https://openalex.org/W2149472588","https://openalex.org/W2156666755","https://openalex.org/W2265765294","https://openalex.org/W2580539026","https://openalex.org/W2797793893","https://openalex.org/W6682459407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006832919","https://openalex.org/W1967327149","https://openalex.org/W2560942100","https://openalex.org/W2614467796","https://openalex.org/W2295176030","https://openalex.org/W2186194790","https://openalex.org/W1908728678","https://openalex.org/W2747741667","https://openalex.org/W2790726929","https://openalex.org/W4297911469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,30],"energy":[1,56,71,84,137],"constraint":[2],"networks,":[3],"the":[4,15,25,28,58,65,77,87,119,127],"utilization":[5],"of":[6,27,47,57,64,70,129],"limited":[7],"node":[8,20,50,60,79,95,102],"battery":[9,21],"is":[10,51,98],"very":[11],"crucial":[12],"to":[13,91,114,125],"enhance":[14],"network":[16,120,139],"lifespan.":[17],"The":[18,45,68],"imbalanced":[19],"dissipation":[22],"greatly":[23],"effects":[24],"performance":[26],"network.":[29,88],"this":[31],"paper,":[32],"we":[33],"propose":[34],"QLearning":[35],"based":[36,53,135],"energy-efficient":[37],"and":[38,61,81],"balanced":[39],"data":[40],"gathering":[41],"routing":[42],"protocol":[43],"(QL-EEBDG).":[44],"effectiveness":[46,128],"a":[48],"forwarder":[49,78],"computed":[52],"on;":[54],"residual":[55],"source":[59],"group":[62],"energies":[63],"neighbour":[66],"nodes.":[67,121],"consideration":[69],"parameters":[72],"provides":[73],"complete":[74],"control":[75],"on":[76,136],"selection":[80],"ensures":[82],"efficient":[83],"consumptions":[85],"in":[86],"Still,":[89],"due":[90],"topology":[92],"changes,":[93],"void":[94],"occurs":[96],"which":[97],"avoided":[99],"through":[100],"adjacent":[101],"technique":[103],"(QL-EEBDG-ADN).":[104],"This":[105],"scheme":[106,134],"finds":[107],"an":[108],"alternate":[109],"route":[110],"via":[111],"neighbor":[112],"nodes":[113],"provide":[115],"continuous":[116],"communication":[117],"among":[118],"Simulations":[122],"are":[123],"performed":[124],"validate":[126],"proposed":[130],"schemes":[131],"against":[132],"existing":[133],"tax,":[138],"lifetime.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
