{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2738723031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2017.7986408","title":"Undersampled differential phase shift on-off keying for optical camera communications with phase error detection","display_name":"Undersampled differential phase shift on-off keying for optical camera communications with phase error detection","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2738723031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2017.7986408","mag":"2738723031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2017.7986408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2017.7986408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60143","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063891238","display_name":"Niu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2778-002X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045995606","display_name":"Julian Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-8236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073680214","display_name":"Jonathan F. Holzman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-7317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan F. Holzman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063891238"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65537598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"916","last_page":"921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.719224214553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","score":0.6216710209846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.5859450101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying","display_name":"On-off keying","score":0.5570797324180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.544497013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-phase","display_name":"Differential phase","score":0.5233929753303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4720029830932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4680112600326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4546447694301605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4210788905620575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3465683162212372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.21824082732200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.19946631789207458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19384688138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10555911064147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08108225464820862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.719224214553833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186378180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4874866","display_name":"Phase-shift keying","level":4,"score":0.6216710209846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.5859450101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170030856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136128","display_name":"On-off keying","level":5,"score":0.5570797324180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.544497013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778465081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275356","display_name":"Differential phase","level":3,"score":0.5233929753303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4720029830932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4680112600326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4546447694301605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4210788905620575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3465683162212372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.21824082732200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.19946631789207458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19384688138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10555911064147949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08108225464820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2017.7986408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2017.7986408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:circle.library.ubc.ca:2429/60143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196297","display_name":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","host_organization_name":"University of British Columbia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis/Dissertation"},{"id":"pmh:oai:circle.library.ubc.ca:2429/64867","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196297","display_name":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","host_organization_name":"University of British Columbia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:circle.library.ubc.ca:2429/60143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196297","display_name":"cIRcle (University of British Columbia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","host_organization_name":"University of British Columbia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis/Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557579859","https://openalex.org/W1590915775","https://openalex.org/W2030576770","https://openalex.org/W2039646906","https://openalex.org/W2050835902","https://openalex.org/W2054096212","https://openalex.org/W2070432943","https://openalex.org/W2136296154","https://openalex.org/W2188598899","https://openalex.org/W2215672452","https://openalex.org/W6664112631"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2284018709","https://openalex.org/W2023754569","https://openalex.org/W2731019566","https://openalex.org/W2004825331","https://openalex.org/W1489774986","https://openalex.org/W3015088299","https://openalex.org/W2782551494","https://openalex.org/W4223584733","https://openalex.org/W2137107552","https://openalex.org/W2410347094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,110],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"the":[3,24,93,96,101,107],"design":[4,105],"and":[5,16,103,121],"implementation":[6],"of":[7,52,95,106,133,151],"an":[8],"optical":[9],"camera":[10,21,83],"communication":[11,112],"(OCC)":[12],"system.":[13,97,109],"Phase":[14],"uncertainty":[15],"phase":[17,46,65],"slipping":[18],"caused":[19],"by":[20,78],"sampling":[22],"are":[23,88],"two":[25,68],"major":[26],"challenges":[27],"for":[28],"OCC.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"paper,":[32],"we":[33,99],"propose":[34],"a":[35,79,118,122,130,148],"novel":[36],"modulation":[37],"scheme":[38],"to":[39,61,91],"overcome":[40],"these":[41],"problems.":[42],"The":[43,64],"undersampled":[44],"differential":[45],"shift":[47],"on-off":[48],"keying":[49],"is":[50],"capable":[51],"encoding":[53],"binary":[54],"data":[55],"bits":[56],"without":[57],"exhibiting":[58],"any":[59],"flicker":[60],"human":[62],"eyes.":[63],"difference":[66],"between":[67],"consecutive":[69],"samples":[70],"conveys":[71],"one-bit":[72],"information":[73],"which":[74],"can":[75,138],"be":[76,139],"decoded":[77],"low":[80],"frame":[81],"rate":[82,132],"receiver.":[84],"Error":[85],"detection":[86],"techniques":[87],"also":[89],"introduced":[90],"enhance":[92],"reliability":[94],"Furthermore,":[98],"present":[100],"hardware":[102],"software":[104],"proposed":[108],"low-cost":[111],"system":[113],"has":[114],"been":[115],"implemented":[116],"with":[117,141],"Xilinx":[119],"FPGA":[120],"Logitech":[123],"commercial":[124],"camera.":[125],"Experimental":[126],"results":[127],"demonstrate":[128],"that":[129],"bit-error":[131],"10":[134],"<sup":[135],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[136],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-5</sup>":[137],"achieved":[140],"7.15":[142],"microwatts":[143],"received":[144],"signal":[145],"power":[146],"over":[147],"link":[149],"distance":[150],"15":[152],"centimeters.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
