{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2527253956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2016.7577035","title":"mmWave based vs 2 GHz networks: What is more energy efficient?","display_name":"mmWave based vs 2 GHz networks: What is more energy efficient?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2527253956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2016.7577035","mag":"2527253956"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2016.7577035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2016.7577035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047599011","display_name":"Mohamad Omar Al Kalaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-4870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Omar Al Kalaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079246454","display_name":"Hazem H. Refai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-9594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazem H. Refai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, Tulsa, Oklahoma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437","https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047599011"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664","https://openalex.org/I87208437"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5513,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71408726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"67","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7058602571487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"Link budget","score":0.657518208026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.6372007727622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.501594066619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5013852119445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.49310562014579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4815947711467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4524882137775421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4360356628894806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4317687749862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.4136473834514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.383331298828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31085169315338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.20385873317718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.20225033164024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11230400204658508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7058602571487427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.657518208026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.6372007727622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.501594066619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5013852119445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.49310562014579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4815947711467743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4524882137775421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4360356628894806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4317687749862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.4136473834514618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.383331298828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31085169315338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.20385873317718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.20225033164024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11230400204658508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2016.7577035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2016.7577035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2023456652","https://openalex.org/W2031858701","https://openalex.org/W2070129609","https://openalex.org/W2073252511","https://openalex.org/W2103970559","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2110139052","https://openalex.org/W2110468965","https://openalex.org/W2112170521","https://openalex.org/W2117747424","https://openalex.org/W2120805517","https://openalex.org/W2130891087","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2142165404","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2160160578"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906618418","https://openalex.org/W2786534237","https://openalex.org/W4386850052","https://openalex.org/W2786893525","https://openalex.org/W2883651331","https://openalex.org/W2583418925","https://openalex.org/W2946724030","https://openalex.org/W3125936868","https://openalex.org/W2982073957","https://openalex.org/W1498581433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,162],"demand":[1],"for":[2,33,196],"increasingly":[3],"challenging":[4],"data":[5],"rates":[6],"in":[7,67,105],"cellular":[8,103],"networks":[9,104,114],"has":[10],"motivated":[11],"the":[12,19,43,64,74,99,122,127,192,209],"pursuit":[13],"to":[14,55,59,73,111,125,155,199,205,232],"exploit":[15],"abundant":[16],"bandwidth":[17],"at":[18,42,116,136,208],"millimeter":[20],"waves":[21],"(mmWave)":[22],"spectrum,":[23],"which":[24],"offers":[25],"large":[26],"bandwidths":[27],"and":[28,139,201],"near":[29],"free-space":[30],"path":[31],"loss":[32],"line":[34],"of":[35,45,76,101,107,113,131,144,164],"sight":[36],"links.":[37],"However,":[38],"this":[39,95],"solution":[40],"comes":[41],"cost":[44],"limited":[46],"communication":[47],"range.":[48],"Thus,":[49],"mmWave":[50,82,102,133,151,186,211],"basestations":[51],"(BS)":[52],"are":[53],"expected":[54,156],"be":[56,85,206],"densely":[57],"deployed":[58],"maximize":[60],"offered":[61,166],"service.":[62],"As":[63],"energy":[65,79,108],"consumed":[66,180],"a":[68,81,87,145,215],"network":[69,83,158],"is":[70,86,160,170,177,224,230],"roughly":[71],"proportional":[72],"number":[75],"nodes,":[77],"how":[78],"efficient":[80],"will":[84],"question":[88],"that":[89,112,149,183,190],"remains":[90],"unanswered":[91],"so":[92],"far.":[93],"In":[94],"paper,":[96],"we":[97],"compare":[98],"performance":[100],"terms":[106],"efficiency":[109],"(EE)":[110],"operating":[115,135],"2":[117,216,226],"GHz.":[118,141],"We":[119],"start":[120],"from":[121],"link":[123],"budget":[124],"determine":[126],"average":[128],"cell":[129],"radius":[130],"two":[132],"systems":[134,169],"28":[137],"GHz":[138,217,227],"60":[140],"Afterwards,":[142],"intensity":[143],"Poisson":[146],"Point":[147],"Process":[148],"models":[150],"BS":[152],"locations":[153],"pertaining":[154],"operational":[157],"parameters":[159],"calculated.":[161],"probability":[163],"coverage":[165],"by":[167],"investigated":[168],"evaluated":[171],"using":[172,179],"analytical":[173],"expressions.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"EE":[176,213,229],"calculated":[178],"power":[181],"model":[182],"assumes":[184],"actual":[185],"components.":[187],"Results":[188],"suggest":[189],"when":[191,220],"deployment":[193],"environment":[194],"allows":[195],"high":[197],"signal":[198],"interference":[200],"noise":[202],"ratio":[203],"(SINR)":[204],"achieved":[207],"receiver,":[210],"system":[212,228],"outperforms":[214],"system.":[218,234],"Conversely,":[219],"only":[221],"low":[222],"SINR":[223],"achievable,":[225],"superior":[231],"mmW":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}