{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382053123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf57495.2023.10157869","title":"MorDIFF: Recognition Vulnerability and Attack Detectability of Face Morphing Attacks Created by Diffusion Autoencoders","display_name":"MorDIFF: Recognition Vulnerability and Attack Detectability of Face Morphing Attacks Created by Diffusion Autoencoders","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382053123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf57495.2023.10157869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf57495.2023.10157869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf57495.2023.10157869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 11th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059766088","display_name":"Naser Damer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7910-7895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naser Damer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001243903","display_name":"Meiling Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-2553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiling Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062220538","display_name":"Patrick Siebke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2732-5049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Siebke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069065641","display_name":"Jan Niklas Kolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0037-5334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Niklas Kolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102902943","display_name":"Marco Huber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3413-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Huber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028035125","display_name":"Fadi Boutros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-9128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3019423309","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04gmsar03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadi Boutros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD,Darmstadt,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059766088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3019423309","https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97112782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13877","display_name":"Law in Society and Culture","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing","display_name":"Morphing","score":0.9936273097991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7651631236076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6672616004943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6379716396331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6253196597099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5841481685638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5248684287071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5012516975402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.4961765706539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.475993275642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.44642823934555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4429546296596527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32827556133270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2544934153556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15746235847473145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.9936273097991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7651631236076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6672616004943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6379716396331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6253196597099304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5841481685638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5248684287071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5012516975402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4961765706539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.475993275642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44642823934555054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4429546296596527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32827556133270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2544934153556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15746235847473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf57495.2023.10157869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf57495.2023.10157869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 11th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/444950","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/444950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de:138743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://tubiblio.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/138743/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196390","display_name":"TUbilio (Technical University of Darmstadt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","host_organization_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Konferenzver\u00f6ffentlichung"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1976230226","https://openalex.org/W2129069237","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2663800299","https://openalex.org/W2759430372","https://openalex.org/W2783693055","https://openalex.org/W2787608161","https://openalex.org/W2912871064","https://openalex.org/W2940860112","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2986909762","https://openalex.org/W3012534509","https://openalex.org/W3033348698","https://openalex.org/W3034720584","https://openalex.org/W3035693354","https://openalex.org/W3036167779","https://openalex.org/W3083081277","https://openalex.org/W3083699954","https://openalex.org/W3085956106","https://openalex.org/W3088392660","https://openalex.org/W3121370741","https://openalex.org/W3154227470","https://openalex.org/W3185801335","https://openalex.org/W3194081779","https://openalex.org/W3194584009","https://openalex.org/W3195877590","https://openalex.org/W3199528201","https://openalex.org/W3202564627","https://openalex.org/W3217030260","https://openalex.org/W4213187341","https://openalex.org/W4292828935","https://openalex.org/W4294191063","https://openalex.org/W4312451386","https://openalex.org/W4317181778","https://openalex.org/W4394466979","https://openalex.org/W6758675054","https://openalex.org/W6769590289","https://openalex.org/W6775534057","https://openalex.org/W6779093361","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6783713337","https://openalex.org/W6799990675","https://openalex.org/W6809665780"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1679315481","https://openalex.org/W3151495635","https://openalex.org/W4236870338","https://openalex.org/W2016917053","https://openalex.org/W51472912","https://openalex.org/W4361020386","https://openalex.org/W4362722828","https://openalex.org/W2375652671","https://openalex.org/W4205835231","https://openalex.org/W2370788183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Investigating":[0],"new":[1],"methods":[2],"of":[3,76,126],"creating":[4],"face":[5,106,116,137],"morphing":[6,19,34,117,180,190],"attacks":[7,13,20,118,181],"is":[8,21],"essential":[9],"to":[10,56,92,103,114,122,148,157,176],"foresee":[11],"novel":[12],"and":[14,128,189],"help":[15],"mitigate":[16],"them.":[17],"Creating":[18],"commonly":[22],"either":[23],"performed":[24,37,166],"on":[25,29,41,62,134,167,183],"the":[26,30,47,53,63,72,82,88,149,152,168,184],"image-level":[27,127],"or":[28,186],"representation-level.":[31,187],"The":[32],"representation-level":[33,105,129,159],"has":[35],"been":[36],"so":[38],"far":[39],"based":[40,61],"generative":[42],"adversarial":[43],"networks":[44],"(GAN)":[45],"where":[46],"encoded":[48],"images":[49],"are":[50,145,164,173,192],"interpolated":[51,64],"in":[52,81],"latent":[54],"space":[55],"produce":[57],"a":[58,67,100,123],"morphed":[59],"image":[60],"vector.":[65],"Such":[66],"process":[68],"was":[69],"constrained":[70],"by":[71,119],"limited":[73],"reconstruction":[74,94],"fidelity":[75],"GAN":[77,89],"architectures.":[78],"Recent":[79],"advances":[80],"diffusion":[83,112],"autoencoder":[84],"models":[85,139,144],"have":[86,140],"overcome":[87],"limitations,":[90],"leading":[91],"high":[93],"fidelity.":[95],"This":[96,108],"theoretically":[97],"makes":[98],"them":[99,121],"perfect":[101],"candidate":[102],"perform":[104],"morphing.":[107],"work":[109],"investigates":[110],"using":[111],"autoencoders":[113],"create":[115],"comparing":[120],"wide":[124],"range":[125],"morphs.":[130,160],"Our":[131],"vulnerability":[132],"analyses":[133,163],"four":[135],"state-of-the-art":[136],"recognition":[138],"shown":[141],"that":[142,171],"such":[143],"highly":[146],"vulnerable":[147],"created":[150,182],"attacks,":[151],"MorDIFF,":[153,169],"especially":[154],"when":[155],"compared":[156],"existing":[158],"Detailed":[161],"detectability":[162],"also":[165],"showing":[170],"they":[172],"as":[174,178],"challenging":[175],"detect":[177],"other":[179],"image-":[185],"Data":[188],"script":[191],"made":[193],"public":[194],"<sup":[195],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[196],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1</sup>":[197],".":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}