{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282826257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf55382.2022.9794524","title":"Mobile Passive Authentication through Touchscreen and Background Sensor Data","display_name":"Mobile Passive Authentication through Touchscreen and Background Sensor Data","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282826257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf55382.2022.9794524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf55382.2022.9794524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf55382.2022.9794524","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/10486/712115/1/9075422.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016756558","display_name":"Giuseppe Stragapede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5949-8574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Stragapede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058051350","display_name":"Rub\u00e9n Vera-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Vera-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009955709","display_name":"Rub\u00e9n Tolosana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-3066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruben Tolosana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083125799","display_name":"Aythami Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-4785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aythami Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073882075","display_name":"Alejandro Acien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-1257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Acien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Data Pattern Analytics Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012026156","display_name":"Ga\u00ebl Le Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-5777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gael Le Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Labs,Cesson-Sevigne,France","Orange Labs, Cesson-Sevigne, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Labs,Cesson-Sevigne,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Labs, Cesson-Sevigne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.005,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7574909,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7739583253860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/touchscreen","display_name":"Touchscreen","score":0.6576470732688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.6497585773468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.6226197481155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrolling","display_name":"Scrolling","score":0.5829759240150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5730872750282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5473383665084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.528390109539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5106580853462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.461570143699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gyroscope","display_name":"Gyroscope","score":0.4595673382282257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.4556376039981842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.45203083753585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.4473530054092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43169182538986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.4257628321647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36055171489715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35846030712127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3125876188278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.125080406665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11605915427207947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7739583253860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778539339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165970","display_name":"Touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.6576470732688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.6497585773468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.6226197481155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59046462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181319","display_name":"Scrolling","level":2,"score":0.5829759240150452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5730872750282288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5473383665084839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.528390109539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5106580853462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.461570143699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.4595673382282257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.4556376039981842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.45203083753585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.4473530054092407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43169182538986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.4257628321647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36055171489715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35846030712127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3125876188278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.125080406665802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11605915427207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf55382.2022.9794524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf55382.2022.9794524","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/712115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10486/712115","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/10486/712115/1/9075422.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400964","display_name":"Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/712115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10486/712115","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/10486/712115/1/9075422.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400964","display_name":"Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5398162870","display_name":"Privacy Matters","funder_award_id":"860315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322231","display_name":"Orange","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282826257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4282826257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598796236","https://openalex.org/W1626992774","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097546075","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2170088868","https://openalex.org/W2265356345","https://openalex.org/W2471556897","https://openalex.org/W2574685397","https://openalex.org/W2780495118","https://openalex.org/W2785639375","https://openalex.org/W2889622068","https://openalex.org/W2913845656","https://openalex.org/W2956092100","https://openalex.org/W2964240787","https://openalex.org/W2981736654","https://openalex.org/W3005785406","https://openalex.org/W3081559749","https://openalex.org/W3089284501","https://openalex.org/W3096989456","https://openalex.org/W3110554871","https://openalex.org/W3173515334","https://openalex.org/W3199069885","https://openalex.org/W4210699789","https://openalex.org/W4213061390","https://openalex.org/W4213449268","https://openalex.org/W4232109309","https://openalex.org/W4239774085","https://openalex.org/W6635679246","https://openalex.org/W6636759762","https://openalex.org/W6675751002","https://openalex.org/W6748100547","https://openalex.org/W6787606816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064053094","https://openalex.org/W2130001076","https://openalex.org/W2073581925","https://openalex.org/W2293888473","https://openalex.org/W2342625892","https://openalex.org/W2320589413","https://openalex.org/W2184366681","https://openalex.org/W2948678983","https://openalex.org/W2065920179","https://openalex.org/W2889672494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"security":[1],"and":[2,16,36,62,85,139],"usability":[3],"shortcomings":[4],"of":[5,34,81,122,155],"current":[6],"mobile":[7,43,91],"user":[8,92],"authentication":[9],"systems":[10],"based":[11],"on":[12,30,59,175],"PIN":[13],"codes,":[14],"fingerprint,":[15],"face":[17],"recognition":[18],"are":[19,137],"well":[20],"known.":[21],"To":[22],"overcome":[23],"such":[24,46],"limitations,":[25],"the":[26,31,60,82,120,123,133,144,150,153,162,176],"present":[27],"work":[28],"focuses":[29],"comparative":[32],"analysis":[33],"unimodal":[35],"multimodal":[37],"behavioral":[38],"biometric":[39],"traits":[40],"suitable":[41],"for":[42],"passive":[44],"authentication,":[45],"as":[47],"touchscreen":[48],"data":[49,65],"during":[50],"separate":[51,106],"gestures":[52],"(keystroke,":[53],"scrolling,":[54],"drawing":[55,140],"a":[56,76,105,141],"number,":[57,142],"tapping":[58],"screen),":[61],"background":[63,147],"sensor":[64,148],"(accelerometer,":[66],"gravity":[67],"sensor,":[68],"gyroscope,":[69],"linear":[70],"accelerometer,":[71],"magnetometer).This":[72],"paper":[73],"carries":[74],"out":[75],"performance":[77],"evaluation":[78],"over":[79],"one":[80],"most":[83,145],"complete":[84],"challenging":[86],"databases":[87],"to":[88,172],"date":[89],"with":[90,96,112],"interaction":[93],"data,":[94],"HuMIdb,":[95],"600":[97],"subjects.":[98],"For":[99],"each":[100],"individual":[101],"modality,":[102],"we":[103,118],"propose":[104],"RNN":[107],"(Recurrent":[108],"Neural":[109],"Network)":[110],"trained":[111],"semi-hard":[113],"triplet":[114],"loss.":[115],"In":[116],"addition,":[117],"perform":[119],"fusion":[121,154],"different":[124],"modalities":[125,156],"at":[126],"score":[127],"level.":[128],"Our":[129],"results":[130],"show":[131],"that":[132],"best":[134],"performing":[135],"tasks":[136],"keystroke":[138],"whereas":[143],"discriminative":[146],"is":[149,157],"magnetometer.":[151],"Additionally,":[152],"very":[158],"beneficial,":[159],"consistently":[160],"reducing":[161],"Equal":[163],"Error":[164],"Rates":[165],"(EER)":[166],"by":[167],"half":[168],"(ranging":[169],"from":[170],"5%":[171],"13%":[173],"depending":[174],"modality":[177],"combination).":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
