{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3174433310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465095","title":"Noisesniffer: a Fully Automatic Image Forgery Detector Based on Noise Analysis","display_name":"Noisesniffer: a Fully Automatic Image Forgery Detector Based on Noise Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3174433310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465095","mag":"3174433310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088556051","display_name":"Marina Gardella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-2014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386768","display_name":"Centre Borelli","ror":"https://ror.org/02hcn4061","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11559806","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210129973","https://openalex.org/I4210136310","https://openalex.org/I4403386768"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Gardella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Borelli, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, France","CB - CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (Campus ENS Paris-Saclay\r\n4 Avenue des Sciences,\r\n91190 Gif-sur-Yvette - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Borelli, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4403386768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CB - CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (Campus ENS Paris-Saclay\r\n4 Avenue des Sciences,\r\n91190 Gif-sur-Yvette - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386768"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103023676","display_name":"Pablo Mus\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-6469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180910786","display_name":"Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica de Uruguay","ror":"https://ror.org/030bbe882","country_code":"UY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]}],"countries":["UY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Muse","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIE, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Uruguay","Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda (Uruguay)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIE, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica, Uruguay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180910786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda (Uruguay)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057798674","display_name":"Jean\u2010Michel Morel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-897X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386768","display_name":"Centre Borelli","ror":"https://ror.org/02hcn4061","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11559806","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210129973","https://openalex.org/I4210136310","https://openalex.org/I4403386768"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Michel Morel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Borelli, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, France","CB - CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (Campus ENS Paris-Saclay\r\n4 Avenue des Sciences,\r\n91190 Gif-sur-Yvette - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Borelli, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4403386768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CB - CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (Campus ENS Paris-Saclay\r\n4 Avenue des Sciences,\r\n91190 Gif-sur-Yvette - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386768"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070921568","display_name":"Miguel Colom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2636-0656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11559806","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx6zz33","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11559806","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150889","display_name":"Center for MathematicaL studies and their Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/05pabaz56","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11559806","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210141950","https://openalex.org/I4210150889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386768","display_name":"Centre Borelli","ror":"https://ror.org/02hcn4061","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11559806","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210129973","https://openalex.org/I4210136310","https://openalex.org/I4403386768"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Colom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Borelli, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, France","CMLA - Centre de Math\u00e9matiques et de Leurs Applications (ENS Cachan CNRS, PRES UniverSud, 61 Avenue du Pr\u00b4esident Wilson 94230 Cachan - France)","CB - CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (Campus ENS Paris-Saclay\r\n4 Avenue des Sciences,\r\n91190 Gif-sur-Yvette - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Borelli, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4403386768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMLA - Centre de Math\u00e9matiques et de Leurs Applications (ENS Cachan CNRS, PRES UniverSud, 61 Avenue du Pr\u00b4esident Wilson 94230 Cachan - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150889","https://openalex.org/I11559806","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CB - CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (Campus ENS Paris-Saclay\r\n4 Avenue des Sciences,\r\n91190 Gif-sur-Yvette - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9736999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.749127209186554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7295201420783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6986397504806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6932792663574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5294613242149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-noise","display_name":"Image noise","score":0.490553081035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.48012590408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.46810078620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.455535888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.4412859380245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4373372197151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4189339280128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4143187999725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.22775068879127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07510799169540405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.749127209186554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7295201420783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6986397504806519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6932792663574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5294613242149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35772409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323086","display_name":"Image noise","level":3,"score":0.490553081035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.48012590408325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.46810078620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.455535888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.4412859380245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4373372197151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4189339280128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4143187999725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.22775068879127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07510799169540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03243928v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03243928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF), May 2021, Rome, Italy. pp.1-6, &#x27E8;10.1109/IWBF50991.2021.9465095&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515615411","https://openalex.org/W1533452257","https://openalex.org/W1972186641","https://openalex.org/W1972533335","https://openalex.org/W1982959683","https://openalex.org/W2018727335","https://openalex.org/W2059985458","https://openalex.org/W2068902206","https://openalex.org/W2096754397","https://openalex.org/W2097506049","https://openalex.org/W2124695272","https://openalex.org/W2136035751","https://openalex.org/W2158972589","https://openalex.org/W2167322122","https://openalex.org/W2299470528","https://openalex.org/W2410977227","https://openalex.org/W2469175162","https://openalex.org/W2515389788","https://openalex.org/W2538809802","https://openalex.org/W2541922885","https://openalex.org/W2560026874","https://openalex.org/W2572164103","https://openalex.org/W2624760874","https://openalex.org/W2737804889","https://openalex.org/W2782430999","https://openalex.org/W2789856658","https://openalex.org/W2888338418","https://openalex.org/W2962958939","https://openalex.org/W2963443560","https://openalex.org/W2990582049","https://openalex.org/W4295727798","https://openalex.org/W6631863200","https://openalex.org/W6735604807","https://openalex.org/W6738934075","https://openalex.org/W6740959558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3190667789","https://openalex.org/W1995613686","https://openalex.org/W89573011","https://openalex.org/W2124212511","https://openalex.org/W2124371593","https://openalex.org/W2005333371","https://openalex.org/W2090859501","https://openalex.org/W1969252538","https://openalex.org/W2955414824","https://openalex.org/W4297491189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Images":[0],"undergo":[1],"a":[2,43],"complex":[3],"processing":[4],"chain":[5],"from":[6],"the":[7,11,15,28,79,83,86],"moment":[8],"light":[9],"reaches":[10],"camera's":[12],"sensor":[13],"until":[14],"final":[16],"digital":[17],"image":[18],"is":[19,66],"delivered.":[20],"Each":[21],"of":[22,60,85],"these":[23],"operations":[24],"leave":[25],"traces":[26],"on":[27],"noise":[29,36,54],"model":[30,46],"which":[31,47],"enable":[32],"forgery":[33],"detection":[34],"through":[35],"analysis.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"article":[40],"we":[41],"define":[42],"background":[44],"stochastic":[45],"makes":[48],"it":[49],"possible":[50],"to":[51],"detect":[52],"local":[53],"anomalies":[55],"characterized":[56],"by":[57],"their":[58],"number":[59],"false":[61],"alarms.":[62],"The":[63],"proposed":[64,80],"method":[65,81],"both":[67],"automatic":[68],"and":[69,73],"blind,":[70],"allowing":[71],"quantitative":[72],"subjectivity-free":[74],"detections.":[75],"Results":[76],"show":[77],"that":[78],"outperforms":[82],"state":[84],"art.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
