{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082908704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465088","title":"Gender Obfuscation through Face Morphing","display_name":"Gender Obfuscation through Face Morphing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082908704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465088","mag":"3082908704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/2d8f9abf-a75f-47c5-8b04-3c2466b80e55","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108989727","display_name":"Shunxin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6105-5545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunxin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035194287","display_name":"Una M. Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2142-3478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Una M. Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031138348","display_name":"Raymond Veldhuis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-5235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond N.J. Veldhuis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5727,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74397956,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing","display_name":"Morphing","score":0.9740002155303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8284691572189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.765703558921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6869634389877319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6402658224105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.6032330989837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.5914236903190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.5535736083984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5088179707527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3855314552783966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3167113661766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.25180256366729736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.9740002155303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8284691572189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.765703558921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6869634389877319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6402658224105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.6032330989837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5914236903190613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.5535736083984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5088179707527161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3855314552783966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3167113661766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.25180256366729736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf50991.2021.9465088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/2d8f9abf-a75f-47c5-8b04-3c2466b80e55","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/2d8f9abf-a75f-47c5-8b04-3c2466b80e55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wang, S, Kelly, U M & Veldhuis, R N J 2021, Gender Obfuscation through Face Morphing. in Proceedings - 9th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics, IWBF 2021., 9465088, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 9th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics, IWBF 2021, Rome, Italy, 6/05/21. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWBF50991.2021.9465088","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/2d8f9abf-a75f-47c5-8b04-3c2466b80e55","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85113877018&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":"https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/265521044/Wang2021gender.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wang, S, Kelly, U M & Veldhuis, R N J 2021, Gender Obfuscation through Face Morphing. in Proceedings - 9th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics, IWBF 2021., 9465088, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 9th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics, IWBF 2021, Rome, Italy, 6/05/21. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWBF50991.2021.9465088","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/2d8f9abf-a75f-47c5-8b04-3c2466b80e55","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/2d8f9abf-a75f-47c5-8b04-3c2466b80e55","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Wang, S, Kelly, U M & Veldhuis, R N J 2021, Gender Obfuscation through Face Morphing. in Proceedings - 9th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics, IWBF 2021., 9465088, IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, 9th International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics, IWBF 2021, Rome, Italy, 6/05/21. https://doi.org/10.1109/IWBF50991.2021.9465088","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61197256","https://openalex.org/W1139204857","https://openalex.org/W1545140005","https://openalex.org/W1572343479","https://openalex.org/W2003921219","https://openalex.org/W2005177365","https://openalex.org/W2046911213","https://openalex.org/W2070604790","https://openalex.org/W2093042800","https://openalex.org/W2093639932","https://openalex.org/W2128565946","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2138748609","https://openalex.org/W2142693409","https://openalex.org/W2152620868","https://openalex.org/W2296659146","https://openalex.org/W2599085778","https://openalex.org/W2603110653","https://openalex.org/W2783693055","https://openalex.org/W2795807997","https://openalex.org/W2804411656","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2886610278","https://openalex.org/W2913239513","https://openalex.org/W2947709300","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963979376","https://openalex.org/W2987358842","https://openalex.org/W3009961661","https://openalex.org/W3024271340","https://openalex.org/W3033348698","https://openalex.org/W3043013312","https://openalex.org/W3107803166","https://openalex.org/W6770231141"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1910101490","https://openalex.org/W2551575940","https://openalex.org/W1885525870","https://openalex.org/W2103413230","https://openalex.org/W2908959303","https://openalex.org/W1548715306","https://openalex.org/W2347601237","https://openalex.org/W3082908704","https://openalex.org/W2897995864","https://openalex.org/W1775397219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,29,71,84,90],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,86],"machine":[4],"learning,":[5],"facial":[6,30],"biometric":[7],"data":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"widely":[11],"adopted":[12],"for":[13,78,110],"person":[14],"recognition.":[15],"Soft":[16],"biometrics":[17],"such":[18,39],"as":[19],"gender,":[20,69],"age":[21],"and":[22,89],"ethnicity":[23],"can":[24,64,74],"be":[25,43,76,100],"extracted":[26],"automatically":[27],"from":[28],"photographs":[31],"without":[32],"permission.":[33],"This":[34],"raises":[35],"privacy":[36],"concerns":[37],"since":[38],"auxiliary":[40],"information":[41,56],"might":[42],"utilized":[44],"improperly.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"work,":[48],"we":[49],"apply":[50],"face":[51,58,97],"morphing":[52,98,119],"to":[53,118],"obfuscate":[54],"gender":[55,62,94],"in":[57],"images,":[59],"so":[60],"that":[61,93],"classifiers":[63],"no":[65],"longer":[66],"accurately":[67],"predict":[68],"but":[70],"resulting":[72],"images":[73],"still":[75],"used":[77],"identity":[79,112],"verification.":[80],"We":[81],"further":[82],"explore":[83],"reversibility":[85],"our":[87],"approach":[88,106],"results":[91],"show":[92],"obfuscated":[95],"through":[96],"cannot":[99],"recovered":[101],"or":[102],"retrieved":[103],"easily.":[104],"Our":[105],"is":[107,116],"especially":[108],"useful":[109],"an":[111],"verification":[113],"system":[114],"which":[115],"sensitive":[117],"attacks.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-18T07:49:30.821534","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}