{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123648984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf.2013.6547306","title":"Understanding the discrimination power of facial regions in forensic casework","display_name":"Understanding the discrimination power of facial regions in forensic casework","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123648984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf.2013.6547306","mag":"2123648984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf.2013.6547306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf.2013.6547306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102824829","display_name":"Pedro Tome","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5872-4173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Tome","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114001312","display_name":"Luis Blazquez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Blazquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058051350","display_name":"Rub\u00e9n Vera-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Vera-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068081385","display_name":"Juli\u00e1n Fi\u00e9rrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-5656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Fierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078069400","display_name":"Javier Ortega-Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-1948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ortega-Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group - ATVS, Escuela Politecnica Superior Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric Recognition Group-ATVS, Univ. Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031395833","display_name":"Nicomedes Exposito","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802601399","display_name":"Guardia Civil","ror":"https://ror.org/02w3h2896","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802601399"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Exposito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Direcci\u00f3n General de la Guardia Civil - DGGC Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Direcci\u00f3n General de la Guardia Civil - DGGC Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802601399"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050013670","display_name":"P. Lest\u00f3n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802601399","display_name":"Guardia Civil","ror":"https://ror.org/02w3h2896","country_code":"ES","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802601399"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Leston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Direcci\u00f3n General de la Guardia Civil - DGGC, Madrid, Spain","Direcci\u00f3n General de la Guardia Civil - DGGC Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Direcci\u00f3n General de la Guardia Civil - DGGC, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802601399"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Direcci\u00f3n General de la Guardia Civil - DGGC Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802601399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7592458128929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6644588708877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6416893005371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.5963963866233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5841291546821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.563330352306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5149186849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eyebrow","display_name":"Eyebrow","score":0.5078609585762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.47315630316734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-science","display_name":"Forensic science","score":0.46092674136161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suspect","display_name":"Suspect","score":0.4404723346233368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.4262915253639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4173011779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.39027294516563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3699045777320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14650025963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09796804189682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.07573103904724121}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7592458128929138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6644588708877563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6416893005371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.5963963866233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5841291546821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.563330352306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5149186849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779022956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43748","display_name":"Eyebrow","level":2,"score":0.5078609585762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.47315630316734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140505726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q495304","display_name":"Forensic science","level":2,"score":0.46092674136161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224952","display_name":"Suspect","level":2,"score":0.4404723346233368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.4262915253639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4173011779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.39027294516563416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3699045777320862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14650025963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09796804189682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.07573103904724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42972112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170201","display_name":"Veterinary medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iwbf.2013.6547306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iwbf.2013.6547306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Workshop on Biometrics and Forensics (IWBF)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.uam.es:10486/663331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10486/663331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400964","display_name":"Biblos-e Archivo (Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","host_organization_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107491560","https://openalex.org/W133548768","https://openalex.org/W194340631","https://openalex.org/W1578352865","https://openalex.org/W1585383348","https://openalex.org/W1965870148","https://openalex.org/W1971220482","https://openalex.org/W1975538958","https://openalex.org/W2011503867","https://openalex.org/W2053111679","https://openalex.org/W2078118580","https://openalex.org/W2097902475","https://openalex.org/W2107642021","https://openalex.org/W2107913904","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2133131023","https://openalex.org/W2144653558","https://openalex.org/W2159577413","https://openalex.org/W6605391810","https://openalex.org/W6634847347","https://openalex.org/W6675889075","https://openalex.org/W6676280858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4206923589","https://openalex.org/W3034828634","https://openalex.org/W3014491775","https://openalex.org/W2184186800","https://openalex.org/W980171259","https://openalex.org/W4360994936","https://openalex.org/W1571439987","https://openalex.org/W74006108","https://openalex.org/W2362246177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,58],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3],"automatic":[4],"facial":[5,15,43,72,115,136,148,178],"regions":[6,44,149],"extraction":[7],"for":[8,154,174],"forensic":[9,47,71,147],"applications.":[10],"Forensic":[11],"examiners":[12],"compare":[13,37],"different":[14,102],"areas":[16],"of":[17,41,70,77,101,105,113,124,162,177],"face":[18,86,165,203],"images":[19],"obtained":[20,97],"from":[21,28,98,132],"both":[22],"uncontrolled":[23],"and":[24,36,130,142,144,152,198],"controlled":[25],"environments":[26],"taken":[27],"the":[29,38,67,94,99,106,110,155,160,163,171,175,187,201],"suspect.":[30],"In":[31,157],"this":[32],"work,":[33],"we":[34,117],"study":[35,59],"discriminative":[39],"capabilities":[40],"15":[42,146],"considered":[45,153],"in":[46],"practice":[48,69],"such":[49],"as":[50],"full":[51,164,202],"face,":[52],"nose,":[53],"eye,":[54],"eyebrow,":[55],"mouth,":[56],"etc.":[57],"is":[60,75,168,181],"useful":[61],"because":[62,81],"it":[63],"can":[64,89],"statistically":[65],"support":[66],"current":[68],"comparison.":[73],"It":[74,180],"also":[76],"interest":[78],"to":[79,184,200],"biometrics":[80],"a":[82,191],"more":[83],"robust":[84],"general-purpose":[85],"recognition":[87],"system":[88],"be":[90],"built":[91],"by":[92,196],"fusing":[93],"similarity":[95],"scores":[96],"comparison":[100],"individual":[103],"parts":[104],"face.":[107],"To":[108],"analyse":[109],"discrimination":[111,194],"power":[112],"each":[114],"region,":[116],"have":[118],"randomly":[119],"defined":[120],"three":[121],"population":[122],"subsets":[123],"200":[125],"European":[126],"subjects":[127],"(male,":[128],"female":[129],"mixed)":[131],"MORPH":[133],"database.":[134],"First":[135],"landmarks":[137],"are":[138,150],"automatically":[139],"located,":[140],"checked":[141],"corrected":[143],"then":[145],"extracted":[151],"study.":[156],"all":[158],"cases,":[159],"performance":[161],"(faceISOV":[166],"region)":[167],"higher":[169],"than":[170],"one":[172],"achieved":[173],"rest":[176],"regions.":[179],"very":[182,192],"interesting":[183],"note":[185],"that":[186],"nose":[188],"region":[189],"has":[190],"significant":[193],"efficiency":[195],"itself":[197],"similar":[199],"performance.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}