{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979061367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivsw.2019.8854394","title":"Electroforming-free Memristors for Hardware Security Primitives","display_name":"Electroforming-free Memristors for Hardware Security Primitives","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979061367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivsw.2019.8854394","mag":"2979061367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivsw.2019.8854394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivsw.2019.8854394","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 4th International Verification and Security Workshop (IVSW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044937811","display_name":"Nan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-7795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2610724","display_name":"Chemnitz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a208s56","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120526","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02h12bg79","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany","Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080795641","display_name":"Mahdi Kiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3622-5271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120526","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02h12bg79","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Kiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017334454","display_name":"Xianyue Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2610724","display_name":"Chemnitz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a208s56","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianyue Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022202064","display_name":"Danilo B\u00fcrger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0685-5301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120526","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02h12bg79","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Burger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061652666","display_name":"Oliver G. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9503-8367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2610724","display_name":"Chemnitz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00a208s56","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver G. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, TU Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2610724"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103415982","display_name":"Ramona Ecke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120526","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02h12bg79","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramona Ecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047693293","display_name":"Stefan E. Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-4802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120526","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02h12bg79","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan E. Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Back End of Line, Fraunhofer ENAS, Chemnitz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120526"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063758758","display_name":"Heidemarie Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-6926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidemarie Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technologies (IPHT), Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Institute for Photonic Technologies (IPHT), Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027416202","display_name":"Ilia Polian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilia Polian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Engineering and Computer Architecture (ITI), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Engineering and Computer Architecture (ITI), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61985918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"453","issue":null,"first_page":"67","last_page":"70"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroforming","display_name":"Electroforming","score":0.9561355113983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.8759300708770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.7141536474227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6706783771514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5256708264350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4703393578529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.42852041125297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.36475855112075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24897581338882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.218621164560318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21322914958000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2088402807712555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.11936873197555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.09365949034690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.06434687972068787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137808972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358014","display_name":"Electroforming","level":3,"score":0.9561355113983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.8759300708770752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.7141536474227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6706783771514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5256708264350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4703393578529358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.42852041125297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.36475855112075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24897581338882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.218621164560318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21322914958000183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2088402807712555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.11936873197555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.09365949034690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.06434687972068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivsw.2019.8854394","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivsw.2019.8854394","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 4th International Verification and Security Workshop (IVSW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-634358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-634358.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer ENAS","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/410882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/410882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90805362","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W1970988297","https://openalex.org/W1982630937","https://openalex.org/W1984854275","https://openalex.org/W1988235818","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2000939560","https://openalex.org/W2008075013","https://openalex.org/W2011971193","https://openalex.org/W2034743980","https://openalex.org/W2037425333","https://openalex.org/W2064965990","https://openalex.org/W2072734492","https://openalex.org/W2098543956","https://openalex.org/W2112181056","https://openalex.org/W2116359098","https://openalex.org/W2162651880","https://openalex.org/W2167342413","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2275378892","https://openalex.org/W2288952784","https://openalex.org/W2315149045","https://openalex.org/W2332450426","https://openalex.org/W2468750783","https://openalex.org/W2472981853","https://openalex.org/W2521878335","https://openalex.org/W2583505690","https://openalex.org/W2897645644","https://openalex.org/W4214670354","https://openalex.org/W4234063673","https://openalex.org/W6603745677","https://openalex.org/W6825343983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2913403941","https://openalex.org/W2942624945","https://openalex.org/W2954512287","https://openalex.org/W2901545829","https://openalex.org/W2767132354","https://openalex.org/W3090596708","https://openalex.org/W4304192824","https://openalex.org/W4312586851","https://openalex.org/W2979061367","https://openalex.org/W1732210391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"memristive":[1,69],"devices":[2,88],"have":[3],"been":[4],"recently":[5],"suggested":[6],"for":[7,44,65],"use":[8],"in":[9],"secret":[10],"key":[11],"generation":[12],"and":[13,30,71,89],"other":[14],"hardware":[15,49],"security":[16,50,81],"applications.":[17],"This":[18],"position":[19],"paper":[20,54],"brings":[21],"together":[22],"the":[23,35,45,57,73],"views":[24],"of":[25,39,47,67,75],"researchers":[26],"from":[27],"material":[28],"science":[29],"hardware-oriented":[31],"security.":[32],"It":[33,78],"discusses":[34,79],"question":[36],"which":[37,80],"types":[38],"memristors":[40],"are":[41],"better":[42],"suitable":[43],"construction":[46],"major":[48],"primitives.":[51],"Specifically,":[52],"this":[53],"points":[55],"out":[56],"problems":[58],"caused":[59],"by":[60,86],"electroforming,":[61],"a":[62],"necessary":[63],"step":[64],"most":[66],"today's":[68],"devices,":[70],"advocates":[72],"usage":[74],"electroforming-free":[76],"memristors.":[77],"properties":[82],"can":[83],"be":[84],"met":[85],"such":[87],"where":[90],"more":[91],"research":[92],"is":[93],"required.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
