{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896222424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivsw.2018.8494850","title":"On the Mitigation of Hardware Trojan Attacks in Embedded Processors by Exploiting a Hardware-Based Obfuscator","display_name":"On the Mitigation of Hardware Trojan Attacks in Embedded Processors by Exploiting a Hardware-Based Obfuscator","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896222424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivsw.2018.8494850","mag":"2896222424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivsw.2018.8494850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivsw.2018.8494850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 3rd International Verification and Security Workshop (IVSW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079224003","display_name":"Andrea Marcelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1441-5798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Marcelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Torino"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009336869","display_name":"Ernesto S\u00e1nchez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7042-295X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernesto Sanchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Torino"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016391754","display_name":"Luca Sasselli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Sasselli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Torino"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024501121","display_name":"Giovanni Squillero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Squillero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Torino, Torino"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Torino, Torino","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64340102,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9501000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.8481217622756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7570679187774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.6800721883773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6603522300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6142550110816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5745574831962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.5410081744194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4470958113670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4218767285346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3974941074848175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.28071534633636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2250395119190216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.8481217622756958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7570679187774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.6800721883773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6603522300720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6142550110816956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5745574831962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.5410081744194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4470958113670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4218767285346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3974941074848175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28071534633636475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2250395119190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivsw.2018.8494850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivsw.2018.8494850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE 3rd International Verification and Security Workshop (IVSW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313985","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964330980","https://openalex.org/W1970852936","https://openalex.org/W1985374655","https://openalex.org/W1990097965","https://openalex.org/W2002340699","https://openalex.org/W2005841208","https://openalex.org/W2008819052","https://openalex.org/W2010198746","https://openalex.org/W2010699766","https://openalex.org/W2012725064","https://openalex.org/W2063644419","https://openalex.org/W2065181350","https://openalex.org/W2069744690","https://openalex.org/W2083314129","https://openalex.org/W2104671161","https://openalex.org/W2106366482","https://openalex.org/W2148071926","https://openalex.org/W2150928734","https://openalex.org/W2156375130","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2170602155","https://openalex.org/W2172075479","https://openalex.org/W2227978149","https://openalex.org/W2293458749","https://openalex.org/W2511192821","https://openalex.org/W2536547403","https://openalex.org/W2571306600","https://openalex.org/W2612634319","https://openalex.org/W2799200720","https://openalex.org/W2912615918","https://openalex.org/W4231363479","https://openalex.org/W4231825163","https://openalex.org/W4241796282","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4290629758","https://openalex.org/W6682184091","https://openalex.org/W6683630750","https://openalex.org/W6685194180","https://openalex.org/W6689130722","https://openalex.org/W6750683616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W2999465529","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W4321062229","https://openalex.org/W4206269447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,67,130],"the":[2,15,20,24,35,42,52,69,91,104,116,126,132],"complexity":[3],"of":[4,14,44,54,72,93,115,123],"digital":[5],"circuits":[6],"manufacturing,":[7],"nowadays":[8],"most":[9],"semi-conductor":[10],"companies":[11],"outsource":[12],"part":[13],"fabrication":[16],"process,":[17],"reducing":[18],"both":[19],"production":[21],"costs":[22],"and":[23,41,88],"time-":[25],"to-":[26],"market.":[27],"However,":[28],"as":[29],"untrusted":[30],"parties":[31],"are":[32],"involved":[33],"in":[34,111],"production-chain,":[36],"new":[37],"security":[38],"risks":[39],"arise,":[40],"threat":[43],"Hardware":[45],"Trojans":[46],"is":[47,95],"a":[48,78,85,112,121],"serious":[49],"concern":[50],"for":[51],"producers":[53],"embedded":[55],"devices.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"an":[62],"on-chip":[63],"software":[64],"obfuscator":[65],"aiming":[66],"reduce":[68],"activation":[70,100],"probability":[71],"malicious":[73],"components":[74],"through":[75],"software.":[76],"Using":[77],"completely":[79],"transparent":[80],"hardware":[81,87],"based":[82],"solution,":[83],"with":[84],"limited":[86],"time":[89],"overhead,":[90],"sequence":[92],"instructions":[94],"modified,":[96],"eventually":[97],"defusing":[98],"Trojan":[99],"sequences,":[101],"yet":[102],"guaranteeing":[103],"original":[105],"functionalities.":[106],"The":[107],"methodology":[108],"was":[109],"implemented":[110],"modified":[113],"version":[114],"OR1200":[117],"processor":[118],"core,":[119],"using":[120],"set":[122],"programs":[124],"from":[125],"MiBench":[127],"test":[128],"suit,":[129],"demonstrate":[131],"method":[133],"suitability.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
