{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970441374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2019.8814116","title":"A Hybrid Control Design for Autonomous Vehicles at Uncontrolled Crosswalks","display_name":"A Hybrid Control Design for Autonomous Vehicles at Uncontrolled Crosswalks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970441374","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2019.8814116","mag":"2970441374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2019.8814116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2019.8814116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047149457","display_name":"Nitin R. Kapania","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-1513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitin R. Kapania","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018194367","display_name":"Vijay Govindarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6046-5262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Govindarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley","Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025067440","display_name":"Francesco Borrelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8919-6430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134446601","display_name":"Berkeley College","ror":"https://ror.org/02xewxa75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134446601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Borrelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley","Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134446601","https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, UC Berkeley","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089181686","display_name":"J. Christian Gerdes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7948-3444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Christian Gerdes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University","Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81773322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1604","last_page":"1611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema-crosswalk","display_name":"Schema crosswalk","score":0.9080442190170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.8691186904907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6511375904083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.5998040437698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5644670724868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.5163084864616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4215857982635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3982142508029938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35288357734680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2497449815273285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.23111629486083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08361655473709106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121193887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431117","display_name":"Schema crosswalk","level":3,"score":0.9080442190170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.8691186904907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6511375904083252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5998040437698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5644670724868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.5163084864616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4215857982635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3982142508029938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35288357734680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2497449815273285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.23111629486083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08361655473709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2019.8814116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2019.8814116","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W42560795","https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W561933632","https://openalex.org/W1980985548","https://openalex.org/W1987194151","https://openalex.org/W2004641798","https://openalex.org/W2151782772","https://openalex.org/W2161309151","https://openalex.org/W2182631142","https://openalex.org/W2188471593","https://openalex.org/W2312677090","https://openalex.org/W2415953079","https://openalex.org/W2545546008","https://openalex.org/W2551641937","https://openalex.org/W2594287830","https://openalex.org/W2747698533","https://openalex.org/W2774367012","https://openalex.org/W2796018000","https://openalex.org/W2890685830","https://openalex.org/W2951834965","https://openalex.org/W2962797726","https://openalex.org/W2963697717","https://openalex.org/W3148740559","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297797225","https://openalex.org/W6687189681","https://openalex.org/W6750371570","https://openalex.org/W6752527605"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013110708","https://openalex.org/W602587028","https://openalex.org/W2167644501","https://openalex.org/W2770082315","https://openalex.org/W2626463414","https://openalex.org/W2394764113","https://openalex.org/W2036331292","https://openalex.org/W2323224744","https://openalex.org/W2233908551","https://openalex.org/W3205579266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"autonomous":[1,58,107],"vehicles":[2],"(AVs)":[3],"inch":[4],"closer":[5],"to":[6,109,133],"reality,":[7],"a":[8,40,54,61,97,113,116,144,148],"central":[9],"requirement":[10],"for":[11,147],"acceptance":[12],"will":[13],"be":[14],"earning":[15],"the":[16,26,46,51,71,79,88,93],"trust":[17],"of":[18,33,45,53,90,119],"humans":[19],"in":[20],"everyday":[21],"driving":[22],"situations.":[23],"In":[24],"particular,":[25],"interaction":[27,52],"between":[28],"AVs":[29],"and":[30,56,75,77,131,138],"pedestrians":[31],"is":[32,39,67,126],"high":[34],"importance,":[35],"as":[36],"every":[37],"human":[38],"pedestrian":[41,55,72,85,114],"at":[42,60],"some":[43],"point":[44],"day.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"considers":[50],"an":[57,106,134],"vehicle":[59,80,108,146],"mid-block,":[62],"unsignalized":[63],"intersection":[64],"where":[65],"there":[66],"ambiguity":[68],"over":[69],"when":[70,76],"should":[73,81],"cross":[74],"how":[78],"yield.":[82],"By":[83],"modeling":[84],"behavior":[86],"through":[87,128],"concept":[89],"gap":[91],"acceptance,":[92],"authors":[94],"show":[95],"that":[96],"hybrid":[98],"controller":[99,125],"with":[100,112],"just":[101],"four":[102],"distinct":[103],"modes":[104],"allows":[105],"successfully":[110],"interact":[111],"across":[115],"continuous":[117],"spectrum":[118],"possible":[120],"crosswalk":[121],"entry":[122],"behaviors.":[123],"The":[124],"validated":[127],"extensive":[129],"simulation":[130],"compared":[132],"alternate":[135],"POMDP":[136],"solution":[137],"experimental":[139],"results":[140],"are":[141],"provided":[142],"on":[143],"research":[145],"virtual":[149],"pedestrian.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}