{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1526066774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2015.7225682","title":"Baseline face detection, head pose estimation, and coarse direction detection for facial data in the SHRP2 naturalistic driving study","display_name":"Baseline face detection, head pose estimation, and coarse direction detection for facial data in the SHRP2 naturalistic driving study","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1526066774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2015.7225682","mag":"1526066774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2015.7225682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2015.7225682","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029553343","display_name":"Jeffrey R. Paone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Paone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114009968","display_name":"David Bolme","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Bolme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090832152","display_name":"Regina Ferrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-6258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Ferrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038240451","display_name":"Deniz Aykac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0714-415X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Aykac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004617550","display_name":"Thomas P. Karnowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-4917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Karnowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2466,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91727522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"174","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.780502200126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6057443618774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.5861444473266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5858327746391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.577119767665863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5515284538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.54193514585495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5001890659332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4793151617050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.47436460852622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.468534380197525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.780502200126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6057443618774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.5861444473266602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5858327746391296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.577119767665863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5515284538269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.54193514585495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5001890659332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4793151617050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.47436460852622986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.468534380197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2015.7225682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2015.7225682","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550894544","https://openalex.org/W1560465518","https://openalex.org/W1967258612","https://openalex.org/W1969560868","https://openalex.org/W1992227055","https://openalex.org/W1998808035","https://openalex.org/W1999533590","https://openalex.org/W2032558548","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2052297462","https://openalex.org/W2052604480","https://openalex.org/W2056741100","https://openalex.org/W2092841150","https://openalex.org/W2097886782","https://openalex.org/W2102126962","https://openalex.org/W2109647201","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2125277152","https://openalex.org/W2135971726","https://openalex.org/W2149382413","https://openalex.org/W2153000018","https://openalex.org/W2155217597","https://openalex.org/W6632830882","https://openalex.org/W6633594287","https://openalex.org/W6662335928","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6678494552","https://openalex.org/W6682525577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W1557905920","https://openalex.org/W2043093291","https://openalex.org/W2101155126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Keeping":[0],"a":[1,20,38],"driver":[2],"focused":[3],"on":[4,172],"the":[5,10,16,67,93,105,114,130,139,173],"road":[6],"is":[7,70,77,135,146],"one":[8,51],"of":[9,19,34,40,54,74],"most":[11],"critical":[12],"steps":[13],"in":[14,64,104],"insuring":[15],"safe":[17],"operation":[18],"vehicle.":[21],"The":[22,95],"Strategic":[23],"Highway":[24],"Research":[25],"Program":[26],"2":[27,41],"(SHRP2)":[28],"has":[29,116],"over":[30,50],"3,100":[31],"recorded":[32],"videos":[33],"volunteer":[35],"drivers":[36],"during":[37],"period":[39],"years.":[42],"This":[43],"extensive":[44],"naturalistic":[45],"driving":[46],"study":[47],"(NDS)":[48],"contains":[49],"million":[52],"hours":[53],"video":[55],"and":[56,91,99,123,165],"associated":[57],"data":[58,76,115,177],"that":[59],"could":[60],"aid":[61],"safety":[62],"researchers":[63],"understanding":[65],"where":[66],"driver's":[68],"attention":[69],"focused.":[71],"Manual":[72],"analysis":[73],"this":[75,155],"infeasible;":[78],"therefore":[79],"efforts":[80],"are":[81,102,110],"underway":[82],"to":[83,89],"develop":[84],"automated":[85],"feature":[86],"extraction":[87],"algorithms":[88,171],"process":[90],"characterize":[92],"data.":[94],"real-world":[96],"nature,":[97],"volume,":[98],"acquisition":[100],"conditions":[101],"unmatched":[103],"transportation":[106],"community,":[107],"but":[108,145],"there":[109],"also":[111],"challenges":[112],"because":[113],"relatively":[117],"low":[118],"resolution,":[119],"high":[120],"compression":[121],"rates,":[122],"differing":[124],"illumination":[125],"conditions.":[126],"A":[127],"smaller":[128],"dataset,":[129],"head":[131,160,174],"pose":[132,161,169,175],"validation":[133,176],"study,":[134],"available":[136],"which":[137],"used":[138],"same":[140],"recording":[141],"equipment":[142],"as":[143],"SHRP2":[144],"more":[147],"easily":[148],"accessible":[149],"with":[150],"less":[151],"privacy":[152],"constraints.":[153],"In":[154],"work":[156],"we":[157],"report":[158],"initial":[159],"accuracy":[162],"using":[163],"commercial":[164],"open":[166],"source":[167],"face":[168],"estimation":[170],"set.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
