{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131413192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2014.6856438","title":"Vehicle classification accuracy of AVC and WIM sites in Oklahoma","display_name":"Vehicle classification accuracy of AVC and WIM sites in Oklahoma","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131413192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2014.6856438","mag":"2131413192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2014.6856438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2014.6856438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047599011","display_name":"Mohamad Omar Al Kalaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-4870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Omar Al Kalaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103238752","display_name":"Samer Rajab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0698-3111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samer Rajab","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079246454","display_name":"Hazem H. Refai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-9594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazem H. Refai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013937474","display_name":"Daryl Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336275712","display_name":"Oklahoma Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02kd4pa08","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336275712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daryl Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma Department of Transportation, Oklahoma City, OK, US","Planning & Res. Div., Oklahoma Dept. of Transp., Oklahoma City, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma Department of Transportation, Oklahoma City, OK, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336275712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Planning & Res. Div., Oklahoma Dept. of Transp., Oklahoma City, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336275712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8349,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88287231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"873","last_page":"877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9724000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14304","display_name":"Transport Systems and Technology","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5205139517784119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3428138494491577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5205139517784119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3428138494491577}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2014.6856438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2014.6856438","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W748233623","https://openalex.org/W1599059908","https://openalex.org/W2063317055","https://openalex.org/W2113053240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0],"classification":[1,110,125],"is":[2,54,68],"a":[3,78,97,150,155],"vital":[4],"measure":[5],"used":[6,112,121],"to":[7,57,87,102,122,139],"ensure":[8,58],"appropriate":[9],"roadway":[10],"design":[11],"as":[12,113,177],"it":[13],"affects":[14],"both":[15],"capacity":[16],"and":[17,41,80,109,129,161,174],"pavement":[18],"endurance.":[19],"Given":[20],"that,":[21],"departments":[22],"of":[23,52,65,83,91,127,143,149,158,166,171],"transportation":[24],"across":[25],"the":[26,63,89,119,141,163,169],"US":[27],"collect":[28],"vehicle":[29,38,107,124,134],"miles":[30],"travelled":[31],"(VMT)":[32],"for":[33,46],"their":[34],"highways":[35],"using":[36],"automatic":[37],"classifiers":[39],"(AVC),":[40],"then":[42],"use":[43],"these":[44],"figures":[45],"future":[47],"highway":[48],"design.":[49],"Accuracy":[50],"assessment":[51],"AVCs":[53],"thus":[55],"important":[56],"proper":[59],"VMT":[60],"reporting.":[61],"Studying":[62],"accuracy":[64,90,126,142],"AVC":[66,92,128,159],"devices":[67,160],"therefore":[69],"essential.":[70],"Previous":[71],"studies":[72],"employed":[73],"either":[74],"manual":[75],"counting":[76],"or":[77],"\u201cplay":[79],"pause\u201d":[81],"method":[82],"traffic":[84],"video":[85],"recording":[86],"verify":[88],"devices.":[93],"This":[94],"paper":[95],"details":[96],"custom":[98],"vision-aided":[99],"software":[100],"developed":[101],"aid":[103],"in":[104],"extracting":[105],"accurate":[106],"count":[108],"information":[111],"ground":[114],"truth":[115],"data.":[116],"Authors":[117],"discuss":[118],"methodology":[120],"study":[123,153],"weigh-in-motion":[130],"sites":[131],"tasked":[132],"with":[133],"classification.":[135],"Several":[136],"indicators":[137],"introduced":[138],"investigate":[140],"each":[144],"site":[145],"are":[146],"highlighted.":[147],"Results":[148],"year-long":[151],"2013":[152],"indicate":[154],"good":[156],"performance":[157],"that":[162],"main":[164],"source":[165],"error":[167],"was":[168],"misclassification":[170],"class":[172,178],"2":[173],"3":[175],"vehicles":[176],"5.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}