{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085834340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629568","title":"Exploration of FPGA-based dense block matching for motion estimation and stereo vision on a single chip","display_name":"Exploration of FPGA-based dense block matching for motion estimation and stereo vision on a single chip","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085834340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629568","mag":"2085834340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2013.6629568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027738436","display_name":"Henning Sahlbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henning Sahlbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer and Network Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Germany","Inst. of Comput. & Network Eng., Tech. Univ. Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer and Network Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Comput. & Network Eng., Tech. Univ. Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075507551","display_name":"Rolf Ernst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2414-9566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Ernst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer and Network Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Germany","Inst. of Comput. & Network Eng., Tech. Univ. Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer and Network Engineering, Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Comput. & Network Eng., Tech. Univ. Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012296723","display_name":"Stefan Wonneberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319473763","display_name":"Volkswagen Group (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01f3bhg26","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319473763"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8659980","display_name":"Volkswagen Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/034e5n787","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319473763","https://openalex.org/I8659980"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Wonneberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany","[Department of Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319473763"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8659980"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091477749","display_name":"T. Graf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319473763","display_name":"Volkswagen Group (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01f3bhg26","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319473763"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8659980","display_name":"Volkswagen Group (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/034e5n787","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319473763","https://openalex.org/I8659980"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thorsten Graf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany","[Department of Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319473763"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Driver Assistance and Integrated Safety, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8659980"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77647018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"823","last_page":"828"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8205587863922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.6673535108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.651957094669342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6049421429634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.5871469378471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5159762501716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.5080621242523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5013401508331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4972577393054962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4856330454349518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.4825553297996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4803520441055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4796488881111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.47418197989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereopsis","display_name":"Stereopsis","score":0.4421297609806061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4165314733982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3581531047821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.16533762216567993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8205587863922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.6673535108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.651957094669342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6049421429634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.5871469378471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5159762501716614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.5080621242523193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5013401508331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4972577393054962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4856330454349518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.4825553297996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4803520441055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4796488881111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.47418197989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68537008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247932","display_name":"Stereopsis","level":2,"score":0.4421297609806061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4165314733982086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3581531047821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.16533762216567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2013.6629568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629568","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557515246","https://openalex.org/W1589504938","https://openalex.org/W1630971059","https://openalex.org/W1964617631","https://openalex.org/W1978692160","https://openalex.org/W1994061133","https://openalex.org/W1994826957","https://openalex.org/W2039548306","https://openalex.org/W2072401311","https://openalex.org/W2074099885","https://openalex.org/W2099520482","https://openalex.org/W2161191281","https://openalex.org/W2165114467","https://openalex.org/W2169333691","https://openalex.org/W3015275165","https://openalex.org/W3142365015","https://openalex.org/W6660188515"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4377081758","https://openalex.org/W3134175566","https://openalex.org/W2582295320","https://openalex.org/W3211510429","https://openalex.org/W2174759944","https://openalex.org/W2060809589","https://openalex.org/W2166269968","https://openalex.org/W3109786615","https://openalex.org/W1977056059","https://openalex.org/W2113492357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Camera-based":[0],"systems":[1,50],"in":[2,7,9,66,154,164,204],"series":[3,99,234],"vehicles":[4,97],"have":[5,51],"gained":[6],"importance":[8],"the":[10,20,46,57,73,88,110,119,139,159,195],"past":[11],"several":[12],"years,":[13],"which":[14,106,137,189],"is":[15,101,107],"documented,":[16],"for":[17,56,232],"example,":[18],"by":[19,34],"introduction":[21,160],"of":[22,45,61,82,90,112,141,161,214,224],"front-view":[23],"cameras":[24],"and":[25,59,79,84,123,131,144,166,173,186,208],"applications":[26,94],"such":[27],"as":[28,70],"traffic":[29],"sign":[30],"or":[31,42],"lane":[32],"detection":[33],"all":[35],"major":[36],"car":[37],"manufacturers.":[38],"Besides":[39],"a":[40,103,229],"pure":[41],"enhanced":[43],"visualization":[44],"vehicle's":[47],"environment,":[48],"camera":[49,175],"also":[52,181],"been":[53,202],"extensively":[54],"used":[55],"design":[58,162],"implementation":[60],"complex":[62],"driver":[63],"assistance":[64],"functions":[65],"diverse":[67,205],"research":[68,96],"scenarios,":[69],"they":[71],"offer":[72],"possibility":[74],"to":[75,109,118,193,216],"extract":[76],"both":[77],"depth":[78,142],"motion":[80,145],"information":[81,143],"static":[83],"moving":[85],"objects.":[86],"However,":[87],"evolution":[89],"existing":[91,120],"computation-intensive":[92],"vision":[93],"from":[95],"toward":[98],"integration":[100],"currently":[102],"challenging":[104],"task,":[105],"due":[108],"absence":[111],"highperformance":[113],"computer":[114],"architectures":[115],"that":[116],"adhere":[117],"strict":[121],"power":[122],"cost":[124],"constraints.":[125],"This":[126,157],"paper":[127],"addresses":[128],"this":[129],"challenge":[130],"explores":[132],"FPGA-based":[133],"dense":[134],"block":[135],"matching,":[136],"enables":[138,182],"calculation":[140],"estimation":[146],"on":[147],"shared":[148],"hardware":[149],"resources,":[150],"regarding":[151],"its":[152],"applicability":[153],"intelligent":[155],"vehicles.":[156,235],"includes":[158],"scalability":[163],"time":[165],"space,":[167],"thereby":[168],"supporting":[169],"customized":[170],"application":[171,206],"implementations":[172],"multiple":[174],"setups.":[176],"The":[177],"presented":[178],"modular":[179],"concept":[180],"enhancements":[183],"with":[184],"pre-":[185],"post-processing":[187],"features,":[188],"can":[190],"be":[191],"utilized":[192],"refine":[194],"obtained":[196],"matching":[197],"results.":[198],"Its":[199],"usability":[200],"has":[201],"evaluated":[203],"scenarios":[207],"reaches":[209],"high-performance":[210],"image":[211],"processing":[212],"results":[213],"up":[215],"740":[217],"GOPS":[218],"at":[219],"an":[220],"acceptable":[221],"energy":[222],"level":[223],"11":[225],"Watts,":[226],"rendering":[227],"it":[228],"suitable":[230],"candidate":[231],"future":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}