{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107656445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629559","title":"Towards a viable autonomous driving research platform","display_name":"Towards a viable autonomous driving research platform","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107656445","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629559","mag":"2107656445"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2013.6629559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078408934","display_name":"Junqing Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junqing Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078998239","display_name":"Jarrod Snider","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarrod M. Snider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102175538","display_name":"Junsung Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junsung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015076162","display_name":"John M. Dolan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-100X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John M. Dolan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Fac. of the Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of the Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101798262","display_name":"Raj Rajkumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0983-7259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Rajkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Fac. of the Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fac. of the Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009781148","display_name":"Bakhtiar Litkouhi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bakhtiar Litkouhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motor Research & Development, Warren, MI, USA","Gen. Motor R&D, Warren, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motor Research & Development, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gen. Motor R&D, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.7078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":240,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99417849,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"763","last_page":"770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.732658326625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.690447986125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6479822397232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5919787287712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.508188009262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.42736053466796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.41097143292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39528098702430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38146573305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3663814067840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3622433543205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2990320324897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.12432125210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10022655129432678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.732658326625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.690447986125946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6479822397232056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5919787287712097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.508188009262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42736053466796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.41097143292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39528098702430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38146573305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3663814067840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3622433543205261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2990320324897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.12432125210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10022655129432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2013.6629559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2013.6629559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2046639219","https://openalex.org/W2047495236","https://openalex.org/W2054469884","https://openalex.org/W2058539271","https://openalex.org/W2067699785","https://openalex.org/W2068665684","https://openalex.org/W2074729443","https://openalex.org/W2101815586","https://openalex.org/W2121806728","https://openalex.org/W2154844948","https://openalex.org/W2167224731","https://openalex.org/W2406067508","https://openalex.org/W4241543438","https://openalex.org/W6665486201","https://openalex.org/W6669379166","https://openalex.org/W6684338915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W4205958986","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W2586575957","https://openalex.org/W2170799233","https://openalex.org/W2768112316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"an":[2],"autonomous":[3,19],"driving":[4],"research":[5],"vehicle":[6,81],"with":[7,38],"minimal":[8],"appearance":[9],"modifications":[10],"that":[11],"is":[12],"capable":[13],"of":[14,18],"a":[15,55,88],"wide":[16],"range":[17],"and":[20,25,29,33,42,44,47,51,60,64,70,75,92],"intelligent":[21],"behaviors,":[22],"including":[23],"smooth":[24,59],"comfortable":[26],"trajectory":[27],"generation":[28],"following;":[30],"lane":[31,34],"keeping":[32],"changing;":[35],"intersection":[36],"handling":[37],"or":[39],"without":[40],"V2I":[41],"V2V;":[43],"pedestrian,":[45],"bicyclist,":[46],"workzone":[48],"detection.":[49],"Safety":[50],"reliability":[52],"features":[53],"include":[54],"fault-tolerant":[56],"computing":[57,76],"system;":[58],"intuitive":[61],"autonomous-manual":[62],"switching;":[63],"the":[65,73],"ability":[66],"to":[67],"fully":[68],"disengage":[69],"power":[71],"down":[72],"drive-by-wire":[74],"system":[77],"upon":[78],"E-stop.":[79],"The":[80],"has":[82],"been":[83],"tested":[84],"extensively":[85],"on":[86],"both":[87],"closed":[89],"test":[90],"field":[91],"public":[93],"roads.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
