{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079555348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2010.5548143","title":"Attention-based traffic sign recognition with an array of weak classifiers","display_name":"Attention-based traffic sign recognition with an array of weak classifiers","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079555348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2010.5548143","mag":"2079555348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2010.5548143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2010.5548143","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060473821","display_name":"Robert Kastner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Kastner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automatic Control, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany","Darmstadt University of Technology, Institute for Automatic Control, D-64283, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automatic Control, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Darmstadt University of Technology, Institute for Automatic Control, D-64283, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083282064","display_name":"Thomas Michalke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112253","display_name":"Honda (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/022c1xk47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891521709","display_name":"Daimler (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m0j3d84","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891521709"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Michalke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany","Daimler AG, Germany;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Daimler AG, Germany;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891521709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012224086","display_name":"Thomas Burbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Burbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Automatic Control, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany","Darmstadt University of Technology, Institute for Automatic Control, D-64283, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Automatic Control, Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Darmstadt University of Technology, Institute for Automatic Control, D-64283, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109108780","display_name":"Jannik Fritsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112253","display_name":"Honda (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/022c1xk47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jannik Fritsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, Offenbach, Germany","Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, D-63073 Offenbach, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, Offenbach, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, D-63073 Offenbach, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053974584","display_name":"Christian Goerick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112253","display_name":"Honda (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/022c1xk47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Goerick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, Offenbach, Germany","Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, D-63073 Offenbach, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, Offenbach, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda Research Institute Europe GmbH, D-63073 Offenbach, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3475,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9455124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"333","last_page":"339"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.8648494482040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.8192371129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.7863926887512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.7257289290428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7230820655822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5448087453842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45685866475105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4519018530845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameterized-complexity","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","score":0.450031042098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37487226724624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.29064178466796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14193707704544067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.8648494482040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.8192371129989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7863926887512207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.7257289290428162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7230820655822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5448087453842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45685866475105286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4519018530845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570441","display_name":"Parameterized complexity","level":2,"score":0.450031042098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37487226724624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29064178466796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14193707704544067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivs.2010.5548143","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2010.5548143","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490423849","https://openalex.org/W1536100668","https://openalex.org/W1540854210","https://openalex.org/W1549563602","https://openalex.org/W1555239352","https://openalex.org/W1561161484","https://openalex.org/W1572655503","https://openalex.org/W1577467851","https://openalex.org/W1880631635","https://openalex.org/W1965419956","https://openalex.org/W1974008104","https://openalex.org/W2026407594","https://openalex.org/W2047648341","https://openalex.org/W2056046632","https://openalex.org/W2068394111","https://openalex.org/W2111502429","https://openalex.org/W2113851591","https://openalex.org/W2115076153","https://openalex.org/W2116929232","https://openalex.org/W2119053853","https://openalex.org/W2124787191","https://openalex.org/W2127328043","https://openalex.org/W2129467011","https://openalex.org/W2131016557","https://openalex.org/W2132045295","https://openalex.org/W2137156685","https://openalex.org/W2137401668","https://openalex.org/W2138289443","https://openalex.org/W2152274840","https://openalex.org/W2153241994","https://openalex.org/W2167628042","https://openalex.org/W2171890530","https://openalex.org/W2540613817","https://openalex.org/W3147338142","https://openalex.org/W3214102110","https://openalex.org/W4250194384","https://openalex.org/W4253537299","https://openalex.org/W6633050905","https://openalex.org/W6634245330","https://openalex.org/W6643626957","https://openalex.org/W6664437756","https://openalex.org/W6677107390","https://openalex.org/W6677621552","https://openalex.org/W6678565987","https://openalex.org/W6679208035","https://openalex.org/W6682430427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W4286647459","https://openalex.org/W2899819381","https://openalex.org/W2557202782","https://openalex.org/W3215426395","https://openalex.org/W4382176313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently":[0],"available":[1],"traffic":[2,13,115,160,199],"sign":[3,14,77,99,116,143,161,182,200],"recognition":[4],"systems":[5],"typically":[6],"focus":[7,149],"on":[8,150,156],"a":[9,30,48,52,62,68,93,108,113,136],"single":[10],"class":[11],"of":[12,32,39,50,72,75,95,98,103,110,124,131,141,163],"and":[15,133,153,165,176,190],"therefore,":[16,154],"the":[17,73,76,129,142,157,169,188],"algorithms":[18],"are":[19],"optimized":[20],"to":[21,45,56,78,91,128,180],"find":[22,92],"only":[23],"this":[24,28],"specific":[25],"class.":[26],"To":[27],"end,":[29],"number":[31,49,94],"approaches":[33],"for":[34,139],"real":[35],"time":[36],"capable":[37,64],"classification":[38],"mostly":[40],"circular":[41],"signs":[42,175],"exist.":[43],"Nevertheless,":[44,168],"simultaneously":[46],"recognize":[47],"classes":[51,162],"different":[53,96],"way":[54],"has":[55],"be":[57],"taken.":[58],"This":[59],"paper":[60],"presents":[61],"real-time":[63],"approach,":[65],"which":[66],"uses":[67],"two-tiered":[69],"process":[70],"independent":[71],"diameter":[74],"cope":[79],"with":[80,112],"all":[81],"distances.":[82],"The":[83,101,118,184],"first":[84,194],"stage":[85,120],"is":[86,107,121,177],"our":[87,104],"attention":[88,105],"system,":[89],"parameterized":[90],"types":[97],"classes.":[100,144,183],"output":[102],"system":[106],"region":[109],"interest":[111],"potential":[114],"candidate.":[117],"second":[119],"an":[122,197],"array":[123],"weak":[125],"classifiers":[126],"similar":[127],"idea":[130],"Viola":[132],"Jones,":[134],"computing":[135],"probability":[137],"value":[138],"each":[140],"As":[145],"application":[146],"area":[147],"we":[148],"inner":[151],"city":[152],"evaluate":[155],"most":[158],"important":[159],"Stop":[164],"Give":[166],"Way.":[167],"approach":[170],"can":[171],"also":[172],"detect":[173],"Warning":[174],"easily":[178],"extensible":[179],"additional":[181],"evaluation":[185],"results":[186],"show":[187],"reliability":[189],"mark":[191],"it":[192],"as":[193],"step":[195],"towards":[196],"overall":[198],"recognition.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}