{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200557738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz54163.2021.9653198","title":"Multi-stage Deep Learning Technique for Improving Traffic Sign Recognition","display_name":"Multi-stage Deep Learning Technique for Improving Traffic Sign Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200557738","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz54163.2021.9653198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivcnz54163.2021.9653198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz54163.2021.9653198","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 36th International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Multi-stage_deep_learning_technique_for_improving_traffic_sign_recognition/25247998","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087792845","display_name":"Pubudu Sanjeewani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-2663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pubudu Sanjeewani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligent Systems, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Systems, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026528338","display_name":"Brijesh Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-0479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brijesh Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligent Systems, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Systems, Central Queensland University, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007626276","display_name":"J K Affum","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151278","display_name":"Australian Road Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03qj53n95","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151278"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Affum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Transport Safety, Australian Road Research Board (ARRB), Brisbane, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Transport Safety, Australian Road Research Board (ARRB), Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087792845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70550143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.7900477647781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7868044376373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-character-recognition","display_name":"Optical character recognition","score":0.7354397773742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7349936962127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.6588103175163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6277203559875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5460207462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.5447943210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.49828052520751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.4913856089115143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.45483750104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4325062036514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.42755940556526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4008057117462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33932119607925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16082999110221863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.7900477647781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7868044376373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.7354397773742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7349936962127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.6588103175163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6277203559875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5460207462310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5447943210601807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49828052520751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4913856089115143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45483750104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4325062036514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.42755940556526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4008057117462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33932119607925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16082999110221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivcnz54163.2021.9653198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz54163.2021.9653198","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 36th International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/25247998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Multi-stage_deep_learning_technique_for_improving_traffic_sign_recognition/25247998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/25247998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/conference_contribution/Multi-stage_deep_learning_technique_for_improving_traffic_sign_recognition/25247998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6200000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488125194","https://openalex.org/W1814573448","https://openalex.org/W2012112601","https://openalex.org/W2017278151","https://openalex.org/W2030138018","https://openalex.org/W2052533453","https://openalex.org/W2142159465","https://openalex.org/W2155725801","https://openalex.org/W2779757316","https://openalex.org/W2788097838","https://openalex.org/W2792824026","https://openalex.org/W2942180685","https://openalex.org/W2962951509","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2973271139","https://openalex.org/W3020415151","https://openalex.org/W3093799191","https://openalex.org/W3126601769","https://openalex.org/W3187891519","https://openalex.org/W6629021407","https://openalex.org/W6638509796","https://openalex.org/W6683291490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W3215426395","https://openalex.org/W4286647459","https://openalex.org/W2899819381","https://openalex.org/W2557202782","https://openalex.org/W2772251146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19,65,84],"automatic":[1,54],"detection":[2,76],"and":[3,16,35,56,77,112],"interpretation":[4,79],"of":[5,58,69,80,95],"all":[6],"roadside":[7],"signs":[8,25],"with":[9,26,48],"text":[10,59],"information":[11,28],"is":[12,22,82],"a":[13,42,104],"very":[14],"challenging":[15],"difficult":[17],"problem.":[18],"main":[20],"challenge":[21],"to":[23],"distinguish":[24],"important":[27],"which":[29,73],"are":[30],"similar":[31],"in":[32,60,72,107],"shapes,":[33],"sizes,":[34],"colors.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"research,":[39],"we":[40],"offer":[41],"multi-stage":[43],"deep":[44,74],"learning-based":[45],"approach":[46,102],"combined":[47],"Optical":[49],"Character":[50],"Recognition":[51],"(OCR)":[52],"for":[53],"identification":[55],"recognition":[57,110],"speed":[61,108],"limit":[62],"traffic":[63],"signs.":[64],"proposed":[66,101],"technique":[67,85],"consists":[68],"novel":[70],"concept":[71],"learning":[75],"OCR":[78],"attributes":[81],"introduced.":[83],"has":[86],"been":[87],"evaluated":[88],"on":[89],"real":[90],"world":[91],"dataset.":[92],"A":[93],"comparison":[94],"the":[96,100],"data":[97],"obtained":[98],"utilizing":[99],"revealed":[103],"significant":[105],"improvement":[106],"sign":[109],"accuracy":[111],"misclassifications.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
