{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998797416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz48456.2019.8960992","title":"Generalization Approach for CNN-based Object Detection in Unconstrained Outdoor Environments","display_name":"Generalization Approach for CNN-based Object Detection in Unconstrained Outdoor Environments","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998797416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz48456.2019.8960992","mag":"2998797416"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivcnz48456.2019.8960992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz48456.2019.8960992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025621105","display_name":"Hedi Hedayati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hedi Hedayati","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waikato,School of Engineering,Hamilton,New Zealand","School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waikato,School of Engineering,Hamilton,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001308324","display_name":"Benjamin McGuinness","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4945-2641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin J. McGuinness","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waikato,School of Engineering,Hamilton,New Zealand","School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waikato,School of Engineering,Hamilton,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090758218","display_name":"Michael J. Cree","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2973-2710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Cree","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waikato,School of Engineering,Hamilton,New Zealand","School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waikato,School of Engineering,Hamilton,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070958043","display_name":"John A. Perrone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7540-3240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John A Perrone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waikato,School of Psychology,Hamilton,New Zealand","School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waikato,School of Psychology,Hamilton,New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025621105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5787,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80534675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7863707542419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7745410799980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7606114149093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.7180293798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6523488759994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6222994923591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46521997451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4358804225921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40038207173347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09645923972129822}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7863707542419434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7745410799980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7606114149093628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.7180293798446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6523488759994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6222994923591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46521997451782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4358804225921631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40038207173347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09645923972129822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivcnz48456.2019.8960992","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz48456.2019.8960992","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1601667204","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1997057955","https://openalex.org/W2015386604","https://openalex.org/W2041741035","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2292390047","https://openalex.org/W2470368200","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2565950292","https://openalex.org/W2578363764","https://openalex.org/W2593957897","https://openalex.org/W2603641813","https://openalex.org/W2604194943","https://openalex.org/W2611227133","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2752192487","https://openalex.org/W2770173563","https://openalex.org/W2810270273","https://openalex.org/W2919873176","https://openalex.org/W2952142982","https://openalex.org/W2954428350","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2962953743","https://openalex.org/W2963231598","https://openalex.org/W2963523428","https://openalex.org/W2970752013","https://openalex.org/W3106753828","https://openalex.org/W4255421341","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4412334742","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6736512164","https://openalex.org/W6746638498","https://openalex.org/W6764945797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162204513","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2969228573","https://openalex.org/W2963690996","https://openalex.org/W4292830139","https://openalex.org/W4319309705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"advances":[1],"in":[2,17],"object":[3,23],"detection":[4,24,49,73,82],"using":[5,86],"convolutional":[6],"neural":[7],"networks":[8],"provide":[9],"new":[10],"opportunities":[11],"to":[12,30,41],"address":[13],"various":[14],"problems":[15],"faced":[16],"agriculture.":[18],"However,":[19],"training":[20,78],"a":[21,57,65],"reliable":[22,66,81],"model":[25,83],"which":[26,38,53],"can":[27,68],"be":[28,69],"generalized":[29],"different":[31],"environments":[32],"requires":[33],"large":[34],"amounts":[35],"of":[36,50,91],"data":[37],"is":[39,44],"difficult":[40],"obtain.":[42],"This":[43],"particularly":[45],"true":[46],"when":[47],"considering":[48],"wilding":[51,72,92],"conifers,":[52],"are":[54],"scattered":[55],"across":[56],"diverse,":[58],"unconstrained":[59],"environment.":[60],"Here":[61],"we":[62],"argue":[63],"that":[64],"dataset":[67],"developed":[70],"for":[71],"by":[74],"synthetically":[75],"enlarging":[76],"the":[77],"dataset.":[79],"A":[80],"was":[84],"trained":[85],"only":[87],"100":[88],"real":[89],"images":[90],"conifers.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
