{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913366114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz.2018.8634750","title":"Reducing the Pain: A Novel Tool for Efficient Ground-Truth Labelling in Images","display_name":"Reducing the Pain: A Novel Tool for Efficient Ground-Truth Labelling in Images","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913366114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz.2018.8634750","mag":"2913366114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivcnz.2018.8634750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz.2018.8634750","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034246758","display_name":"C. Rapson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-4220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Rapson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059132031","display_name":"Boon\u2010Chong Seet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9511-7521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boon-Chong Seet","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061284177","display_name":"M. Asif Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6785-7875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Asif Naeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100351254","display_name":"Jeong Eun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4993-4683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeong Eun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048105937","display_name":"Mahmoud Al-Sarayreh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Al-Sarayreh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087111199","display_name":"Reinhard Klette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8818-7145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39854758","display_name":"Auckland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zvqw119","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhard Klette","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39854758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69252162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.8935573697090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7920517325401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.7417584657669067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6939906477928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6762821674346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.6414243578910828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoom","display_name":"Zoom","score":0.635820209980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6196784973144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","score":0.5890657305717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5401493310928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5034365057945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.44602033495903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.42616838216781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.42454153299331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4147356450557709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33094340562820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30711689591407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08279606699943542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.8935573697090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7920517325401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.7417584657669067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6939906477928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6762821674346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.6414243578910828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124913957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232548","display_name":"Zoom","level":3,"score":0.635820209980011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6196784973144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190694206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276654","display_name":"Polygon (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5890657305717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5401493310928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5034365057945251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.44602033495903015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.42616838216781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.42454153299331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4147356450557709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33094340562820435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30711689591407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08279606699943542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ivcnz.2018.8634750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ivcnz.2018.8634750","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/45325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2292/45325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055463","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","host_organization_name":"University of Auckland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W2104125540","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2141708418","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2559767995","https://openalex.org/W2603154633","https://openalex.org/W2612271937","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2622058673","https://openalex.org/W2748021867","https://openalex.org/W2795276939","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2919857056","https://openalex.org/W2942265585","https://openalex.org/W3121281282","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6750089770","https://openalex.org/W6750227808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W2962677013"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"Learning":[1],"solves":[2],"more":[3,26],"image":[4,158],"processing":[5],"problems":[6],"every":[7],"year,":[8],"yet":[9],"it":[10,80,184],"is":[11,104,127,178,185],"still":[12],"reliant":[13],"on":[14,100,196],"painstaking":[15],"manual":[16],"ground":[17],"truth":[18],"labelling.":[19],"Segmentation":[20],"labels":[21,86,133,160],"require":[22],"higher":[23],"accuracy":[24],"and":[25,54,69,144,165,198],"clicks":[27],"than":[28],"bounding":[29,67,77,84,114],"boxes":[30,68,78],"or":[31,90,138],"classification":[32],"labels.":[33],"To":[34],"accelerate":[35],"the":[36,129],"labelling":[37],"task,":[38],"a":[39,101,135,148,191],"More":[40],"Efficient":[41],"Labelling":[42],"Tool":[43],"(MELT)":[44],"has":[45,154],"been":[46,155],"developed":[47],"which":[48],"incorporates":[49],"features":[50,61],"from":[51],"existing":[52,66],"tools":[53,108],"adds":[55],"some":[56],"novel":[57],"ones.":[58],"The":[59,125],"new":[60],"are":[62,122,169],"automatic":[63],"zoom":[64],"to":[65,76,82,87,91,131],"tracking":[70,199],"of":[71,94,150],"arbitrarily":[72],"shaped":[73],"objects.":[74],"Zooming":[75],"makes":[79],"easy":[81],"upgrade":[83],"box":[85],"segmentation":[88,159],"masks,":[89],"label":[92,142],"parts":[93],"an":[95],"object,":[96],"such":[97,112],"as":[98,113,173],"lights":[99,121,164],"vehicle.":[102],"Tracking":[103],"available":[105],"in":[106],"other":[107],"for":[109,161,171,193],"rectangular":[110],"objects":[111,118],"boxes,":[115],"but":[116],"many":[117],"including":[119],"vehicle":[120,162,200],"not":[123],"rectangular.":[124],"user":[126],"given":[128],"freedom":[130],"create":[132],"with":[134,140,157],"brush,":[136],"polygon":[137],"superpixel,":[139],"customisable":[141],"names":[143],"colours.":[145],"Using":[146],"MELT,":[147],"dataset":[149,182],"over":[151],"800":[152],"images":[153],"prepared":[156],"head":[163],"tail":[166],"lights.":[167,201],"Labels":[168],"provided":[170],"download":[172],"mask":[174],"files.":[175],"As":[176],"there":[177],"currently":[179],"no":[180],"comparable":[181],"available,":[183],"hoped":[186],"that":[187],"this":[188],"will":[189],"become":[190],"benchmark":[192],"researchers":[194],"working":[195],"detecting":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
