{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413017772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097347","title":"The ATLAS of Traffic Lights: A Reliable Perception Framework for Autonomous Driving","display_name":"The ATLAS of Traffic Lights: A Reliable Perception Framework for Autonomous Driving","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413017772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091786408","display_name":"Rupert Polley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupert Polley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075733256","display_name":"Nikolai Polley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolai Polley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Research Group Applied Technical-Cognitive Systems,Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Research Group Applied Technical-Cognitive Systems,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004435922","display_name":"Dominik Heid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominik Heid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060527710","display_name":"Marc Heinrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0698-5441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Heinrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020911200","display_name":"Sven Ochs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Ochs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060028048","display_name":"J. Marius Z\u00f6llner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-7202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143379178","display_name":"FZI Research Center for Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdh6x72","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Marius Z\u00f6llner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical Cognitive Systems,FZI Research Center for Information Technology,Karlsruhe,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143379178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2215","last_page":"2222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9488000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atlas","display_name":"Atlas (anatomy)","score":0.6845505237579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6480090022087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.618722140789032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.4217192828655243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3945815861225128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18049877882003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.13790485262870789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776673561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655357","display_name":"Atlas (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.6845505237579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6480090022087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.618722140789032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.4217192828655243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3945815861225128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18049877882003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.13790485262870789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv64158.2025.11097347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562810981","https://openalex.org/W2060602100","https://openalex.org/W2105529173","https://openalex.org/W2114281890","https://openalex.org/W2136891917","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2737202447","https://openalex.org/W2762219805","https://openalex.org/W2890748873","https://openalex.org/W2907720201","https://openalex.org/W2910440362","https://openalex.org/W2953711573","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W4319300095","https://openalex.org/W4391768503","https://openalex.org/W4400648026","https://openalex.org/W4403770406","https://openalex.org/W4408696590","https://openalex.org/W4408696750","https://openalex.org/W6697176215","https://openalex.org/W6855852744","https://openalex.org/W6863198155","https://openalex.org/W6868582632","https://openalex.org/W6873741722","https://openalex.org/W6877138805","https://openalex.org/W6879603011"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2314146950","https://openalex.org/W2011187995","https://openalex.org/W2373521488","https://openalex.org/W2324878645","https://openalex.org/W4408797289","https://openalex.org/W2803101231","https://openalex.org/W4284509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0],"light":[1,80,105],"perception":[2,10,38],"is":[3,93],"an":[4,57,131],"essential":[5],"component":[6],"of":[7,20,65,78],"the":[8,63,71,122],"camera-based":[9],"system":[11],"for":[12,146],"autonomous":[13,58,132],"vehicles,":[14],"enabling":[15,53],"accurate":[16],"detection":[17,43,106],"and":[18,50,82,88,100,117,144],"interpretation":[19],"traffic":[21,79,104,138],"lights":[22],"to":[23,134],"ensure":[24],"safe":[25],"navigation":[26],"through":[27],"complex":[28],"urban":[29],"environments.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"work,":[33],"we":[34,69,120],"propose":[35],"a":[36,46],"modularized":[37],"framework":[39,123],"that":[40],"integrates":[41],"state-of-the-art":[42,103],"models":[44],"with":[45],"novel":[47],"real-time":[48,147],"association":[49],"decision":[51],"framework,":[52],"seamless":[54],"deployment":[55],"into":[56],"driving":[59],"stack.":[60],"To":[61],"address":[62],"limitations":[64],"existing":[66],"public":[67],"datasets,":[68],"introduce":[70],"ATLAS":[72],"dataset,":[73],"which":[74],"provides":[75],"comprehensive":[76],"annotations":[77],"states":[81],"pictograms":[83],"across":[84],"diverse":[85],"environmental":[86],"conditions":[87],"camera":[89],"setups.":[90],"This":[91],"dataset":[92],"publicly":[94],"available":[95],"at":[96,137],"https://url.fzi.de/ATLAS.":[97],"We":[98],"train":[99],"evaluate":[101,121],"several":[102],"architectures":[107],"on":[108],"ATLAS,":[109],"demonstrating":[110],"significant":[111],"performance":[112],"improvements":[113],"in":[114,124,130],"both":[115],"accuracy":[116],"robustness.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"real-world":[125],"scenarios":[126],"by":[127],"deploying":[128],"it":[129],"vehicle":[133],"make":[135],"decisions":[136],"light-controlled":[139],"intersections,":[140],"highlighting":[141],"its":[142],"reliability":[143],"effectiveness":[145],"operation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
