{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400648766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588669","title":"Efficient 4D Radar Data Auto-labeling Method using LiDAR-based Object Detection Network","display_name":"Efficient 4D Radar Data Auto-labeling Method using LiDAR-based Object Detection Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400648766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113289435","display_name":"Min-Hyeok Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min-Hyeok Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST),Graduate School of Mobility,Daejeon,Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST),Graduate School of Mobility,Daejeon,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007043388","display_name":"Dong-Hee Paek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0008-3726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Hee Paek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST),Graduate School of Mobility,Daejeon,Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST),Graduate School of Mobility,Daejeon,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025149461","display_name":"Seunghyun Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-7863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Hyun Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST),Graduate School of Mobility,Daejeon,Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST),Graduate School of Mobility,Daejeon,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073091471","display_name":"Seung-Hyun Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-1998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Hyun Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST),Graduate School of Mobility,Daejeon,Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST),Graduate School of Mobility,Daejeon,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113289435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3045,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86190243,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2616","last_page":"2621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.8510000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.8510000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.849399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.8148999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.7940818071365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.682166337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6760849952697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5412158370018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5342518091201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5106690526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4818476438522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4748295247554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.45028242468833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.42100265622138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.260639488697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13558131456375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13271695375442505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7940818071365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.682166337966919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6760849952697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5412158370018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5342518091201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5106690526008606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4818476438522339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4748295247554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.45028242468833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.42100265622138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.260639488697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13558131456375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13271695375442505}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588669","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139137304","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2883820570","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3081605498","https://openalex.org/W3109915642","https://openalex.org/W3161595308","https://openalex.org/W3191343975","https://openalex.org/W3208941688","https://openalex.org/W3217157240","https://openalex.org/W4210674219","https://openalex.org/W4226019911","https://openalex.org/W4285143077","https://openalex.org/W4304192510","https://openalex.org/W4308080461","https://openalex.org/W4310078553","https://openalex.org/W4385302159","https://openalex.org/W4386634649","https://openalex.org/W4389925547","https://openalex.org/W4394596823","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6771922894","https://openalex.org/W6845720290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4313855562","https://openalex.org/W2091422131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Focusing":[0],"on":[1],"the":[2,42,57,65,83,92,125,139,168,182,185,197],"strength":[3],"of":[4,31,86,124,184],"4D":[5,32,44,66,87,140],"(4-Dimensional)":[6],"radar,":[7],"research":[8,61],"about":[9],"robust":[10],"3D":[11],"object":[12,102,142],"detection":[13,103,143,165],"networks":[14],"in":[15,59,91],"adverse":[16],"weather":[17],"conditions":[18],"has":[19,161],"gained":[20],"attention.":[21],"To":[22,77],"train":[23,127,138],"such":[24],"networks,":[25],"datasets":[26,46,68],"that":[27,156],"contain":[28],"large":[29],"amounts":[30],"radar":[33,45,67,88],"data":[34,52],"and":[35,53,72],"ground":[36,118,177],"truth":[37,119,178],"labels":[38,120],"are":[39,135],"essential.":[40],"However,":[41],"existing":[43],"(e.g.,":[47],"K-Radar)":[48],"lack":[49],"sufficient":[50],"sensor":[51],"labels,":[54,179],"which":[55,171],"hinders":[56],"advancement":[58],"this":[60],"domain.":[62],"Furthermore,":[63],"enlarging":[64],"requires":[69],"a":[70,100,163],"time-consuming":[71],"expensive":[73],"manual":[74],"labeling":[75],"process.":[76],"address":[78],"these":[79],"issues,":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"auto-labeling":[84,187],"method":[85,97],"tensor":[89],"(4DRT)":[90],"K-Radar":[93,126],"dataset.":[94],"The":[95,112,132,152],"proposed":[96,186],"initially":[98],"trains":[99],"LiDAR-based":[101],"network":[104,144],"(LODN)":[105],"using":[106],"calibrated":[107],"LiDAR":[108],"point":[109],"cloud":[110],"(LPC).":[111],"trained":[113,158,173],"LODN":[114],"then":[115],"automatically":[116],"generates":[117],"(i.e.,":[121],"auto-labels,":[122],"ALs)":[123],"dataset":[128],"without":[129],"human":[130],"intervention.":[131],"generated":[133],"ALs":[134,160],"used":[136],"to":[137,167],"radar-based":[141],"(4DRODN),":[145],"Radar":[146],"Tensor":[147],"Network":[148],"with":[149,159,174],"Height":[150],"(RTNH).":[151],"experimental":[153],"results":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"RTNH":[157,170],"achieved":[162],"similar":[164],"performance":[166],"original":[169],"is":[172],"manually":[175],"annotated":[176],"thereby":[180],"verifying":[181],"effectiveness":[183],"method.":[188],"All":[189],"relevant":[190],"codes":[191],"will":[192],"be":[193],"soon":[194],"available":[195],"at":[196],"following":[198],"GitHub":[199],"project:":[200],"https://github.com/kaist-avelab/K-Radar":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
