{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400646336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588551","title":"E2E Parking: Autonomous Parking by the End-to-end Neural Network on the CARLA Simulator","display_name":"E2E Parking: Autonomous Parking by the End-to-end Neural Network on the CARLA Simulator","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400646336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588551","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100314060","display_name":"Yunfan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-5569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IAS BU, Huawei Technologies,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IAS BU, Huawei Technologies,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108326607","display_name":"Denglong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denglong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IAS BU, Huawei Technologies,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IAS BU, Huawei Technologies,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082261032","display_name":"Tong Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-9816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Glocal Institute of Future Techonology,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Glocal Institute of Future Techonology,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025697219","display_name":"Xiangru Mu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangru Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IAS BU, Huawei Technologies,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IAS BU, Huawei Technologies,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101082712","display_name":"Chunjing Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunjing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IAS BU, Huawei Technologies,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IAS BU, Huawei Technologies,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009256880","display_name":"Ming Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-9137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Glocal Institute of Future Techonology,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Glocal Institute of Future Techonology,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2375","last_page":"2382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9531000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.712435781955719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.5244377255439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4332966208457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.43047791719436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3729986548423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2481028437614441}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.712435781955719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.5244377255439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4332966208457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.43047791719436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3729986548423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2481028437614441}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588551","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588551","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2884634491","https://openalex.org/W2897437252","https://openalex.org/W2901652009","https://openalex.org/W2962894046","https://openalex.org/W3009593063","https://openalex.org/W3034652687","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3109395584","https://openalex.org/W3119824613","https://openalex.org/W3131641033","https://openalex.org/W3172863135","https://openalex.org/W3188166520","https://openalex.org/W3199245537","https://openalex.org/W3206251036","https://openalex.org/W4224259431","https://openalex.org/W4224495123","https://openalex.org/W4226305814","https://openalex.org/W4283066390","https://openalex.org/W4283076523","https://openalex.org/W4285102649","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W4312396550","https://openalex.org/W4312641958","https://openalex.org/W4312894406","https://openalex.org/W4382464460","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386071585","https://openalex.org/W4386076400","https://openalex.org/W4389666829","https://openalex.org/W4390872706","https://openalex.org/W6704559304","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6753596642","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6800330417","https://openalex.org/W6801512601","https://openalex.org/W6810240388","https://openalex.org/W6811230113","https://openalex.org/W6838837863","https://openalex.org/W6839043673","https://openalex.org/W6841094356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3179968364","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W1999612375","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"parking":[1,12,42,83,123,186],"is":[2,220],"a":[3,97],"crucial":[4],"application":[5],"for":[6],"intelligent":[7],"vehicles,":[8],"especially":[9],"in":[10,44,58,64,84,112,184,197],"crowded":[11,66],"lots.":[13],"The":[14,125,151,188,218],"confined":[15],"space":[16],"requires":[17],"highly":[18],"precise":[19],"perception,":[20],"planning,":[21,38],"and":[22,36,56,67,90,134,149,202,208],"control.":[23],"Currently,":[24],"the":[25,50,71,128,140,157,168,173,177,180,185,191,199],"traditional":[26],"Automated":[27],"Parking":[28],"Assist":[29],"(APA)":[30],"system,":[31],"which":[32,61],"utilizes":[33],"geometric-based":[34],"perception":[35],"rule-based":[37],"can":[39],"assist":[40],"with":[41,211],"tasks":[43],"simple":[45],"scenarios.":[46],"With":[47],"noisy":[48],"measurement,":[49],"handcrafted":[51,109],"rule":[52],"often":[53],"lacks":[54],"flexibility":[55],"robustness":[57],"various":[59],"environments,":[60],"performs":[62],"poorly":[63],"super":[65],"narrow":[68,85],"spaces.":[69],"On":[70],"contrary,":[72],"there":[73],"are":[74,80,127,142],"many":[75],"experienced":[76,161],"human":[77],"drivers,":[78],"who":[79],"good":[81],"at":[82],"slots":[86],"without":[87,108],"explicit":[88],"modeling":[89],"planning.":[91],"Inspired":[92],"by":[93,131,159,179],"this,":[94],"we":[95,115],"expect":[96],"neural":[98,119,182],"network":[99,120,152,183],"to":[100,103,121,155,171],"learn":[101],"how":[102,154],"park":[104],"directly":[105],"from":[106],"experts":[107],"rules.":[110],"Therefore,":[111],"this":[113],"paper,":[114],"present":[116],"an":[117,212],"end-to-end":[118,195],"handle":[122],"tasks.":[124],"inputs":[126],"images":[129],"captured":[130],"surrounding":[132],"cameras":[133],"basic":[135],"vehicle":[136,158,178],"motion":[137],"state,":[138],"while":[139],"outputs":[141],"control":[143,156],"signals,":[144],"including":[145],"steer":[146],"angle,":[147],"acceleration,":[148],"gear.":[150],"learns":[153],"imitating":[160],"drivers.":[162],"We":[163],"conducted":[164],"closed-loop":[165],"experiments":[166],"on":[167],"CARLA":[169],"Simulator":[170],"validate":[172],"feasibility":[174],"of":[175,193,205,216],"controlling":[176],"proposed":[181],"task.":[187],"experiment":[189],"demonstrated":[190],"effectiveness":[192],"our":[194],"system":[196],"achieving":[198],"average":[200],"position":[201],"orientation":[203],"errors":[204],"0.3":[206],"meters":[207],"0.9":[209],"degrees":[210],"overall":[213],"success":[214],"rate":[215],"91%.":[217],"code":[219],"available":[221],"at:":[222],"https://github.com/qintonguav/e2e-parking-carla":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
