{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385301535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186705","title":"Simulation-Based Counterfactual Causal Discovery on Real World Driver Behaviour","display_name":"Simulation-Based Counterfactual Causal Discovery on Real World Driver Behaviour","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385301535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186705","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042703966","display_name":"Rhys Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-742X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rhys Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford,Oxford Robotics Institute,Dept. of Engineering Science","Dept. of Engineering Science, Oxford Robotics Institute, University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford,Oxford Robotics Institute,Dept. of Engineering Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410","https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Engineering Science, Oxford Robotics Institute, University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042932869","display_name":"Lars Kunze","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-1938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Kunze","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford,Oxford Robotics Institute,Dept. of Engineering Science","Dept. of Engineering Science, Oxford Robotics Institute, University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford,Oxford Robotics Institute,Dept. of Engineering Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410","https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Engineering Science, Oxford Robotics Institute, University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59993494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.9376122951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.584498405456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14123904705047607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.06542140245437622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.9376122951507568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.584498405456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14123904705047607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.06542140245437622}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186705","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025371899","https://openalex.org/W2080058507","https://openalex.org/W2135631431","https://openalex.org/W2151226328","https://openalex.org/W2178225550","https://openalex.org/W2770644024","https://openalex.org/W2896642734","https://openalex.org/W2917767525","https://openalex.org/W2947630374","https://openalex.org/W2948579453","https://openalex.org/W2963016445","https://openalex.org/W3037058446","https://openalex.org/W3129292912","https://openalex.org/W3153184211","https://openalex.org/W3201444869","https://openalex.org/W4214698730","https://openalex.org/W4226203009","https://openalex.org/W4285606332","https://openalex.org/W4286893473","https://openalex.org/W4287113483","https://openalex.org/W4287324530","https://openalex.org/W4287871935","https://openalex.org/W4299515571","https://openalex.org/W4302423442","https://openalex.org/W4319048440","https://openalex.org/W4319866466","https://openalex.org/W6680271190","https://openalex.org/W6682361391","https://openalex.org/W6746754396","https://openalex.org/W6773860202","https://openalex.org/W6780503301","https://openalex.org/W6790564107","https://openalex.org/W6797411188","https://openalex.org/W6801407141","https://openalex.org/W6810393205","https://openalex.org/W6840445533","https://openalex.org/W6849217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W4286970243","https://openalex.org/W2066431708","https://openalex.org/W4384133558","https://openalex.org/W3025615835","https://openalex.org/W173210993","https://openalex.org/W2390660599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Being":[0],"able":[1],"to":[2,31,37,68],"reason":[3],"about":[4],"how":[5],"one\u2019s":[6],"behaviour":[7,11],"can":[8,113,176],"affect":[9],"the":[10,25,28,33,50,59,66,93,99,107,117,127,139,160,165,168,171,182],"of":[12,19,27,35,49,52,61,95,103,119,126,138,167,184,188],"others":[13],"is":[14],"a":[15,80,88,152,191],"core":[16],"skill":[17],"required":[18],"intelligent":[20],"driving":[21,155],"agents.":[22],"Despite":[23],"this,":[24],"state":[26,137,166],"art":[29,140,169],"struggles":[30],"meet":[32],"need":[34],"agents":[36],"discover":[38],"causal":[39,53,62,130,143,148],"links":[40,54],"between":[41],"themselves":[42],"and":[43,58,133,175,195],"others.":[44],"Observational":[45],"approaches":[46,67,76,197],"struggle":[47],"because":[48],"non-stationarity":[51,96],"in":[55,70,101,190],"dynamic":[56],"environments,":[57],"sparsity":[60],"interactions":[63],"while":[64,106],"requiring":[65],"work":[69],"an":[71,185],"online":[72],"fashion.":[73],"Meanwhile":[74],"interventional":[75,196],"are":[77],"impractical":[78],"as":[79],"vehicle":[81],"cannot":[82],"experiment":[83],"with":[84,116],"its":[85],"actions":[86],"on":[87,170],"public":[89],"road.":[90],"To":[91],"counter":[92],"issue":[94],"we":[97],"reformulate":[98],"problem":[100],"terms":[102],"extracted":[104,150],"events,":[105],"previously":[108],"mentioned":[109],"restriction":[110],"upon":[111],"interventions":[112],"be":[114],"overcome":[115],"use":[118],"counterfactual":[120,129],"simulation.":[121],"We":[122,157],"present":[123],"three":[124],"variants":[125],"proposed":[128,161,172],"discovery":[131,144],"method":[132,162],"evaluate":[134],"these":[135],"against":[136],"observational":[141,194],"temporal":[142],"methods":[145],"across":[146],"3396":[147],"scenes":[149],"from":[151],"real":[153],"world":[154],"dataset.":[156],"find":[158],"that":[159,193],"significantly":[163],"outperforms":[164],"task":[173],"quantitatively":[174],"offer":[177],"additional":[178],"insights":[179],"by":[180],"comparing":[181],"outcome":[183],"alternate":[186],"series":[187],"decisions":[189],"way":[192],"cannot.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}