{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385325527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186616","title":"Cross or Wait? Predicting Pedestrian Interaction Outcomes at Unsignalized Crossings","display_name":"Cross or Wait? Predicting Pedestrian Interaction Outcomes at Unsignalized Crossings","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385325527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186616","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458129","display_name":"Chi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6152-9387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Gothenburg,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Sweden","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Gothenburg,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069178501","display_name":"Amir Hossein Kalantari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5256-8069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hossein Kalantari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds,Institute for Transport Studies,Leeds,UK,LS2 9JT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds,Institute for Transport Studies,Leeds,UK,LS2 9JT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369301","display_name":"Yue Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5876-6576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds,Institute for Transport Studies,Leeds,UK,LS2 9JT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds,Institute for Transport Studies,Leeds,UK,LS2 9JT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039822206","display_name":"Zhongjun Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0931-7584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongjun Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linköping University,Department of Science and Technology,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linköping University,Department of Science and Technology,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019237761","display_name":"Gustav Markkula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-1582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustav Markkula","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds,Institute for Transport Studies,Leeds,UK,LS2 9JT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds,Institute for Transport Studies,Leeds,UK,LS2 9JT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059540023","display_name":"Natasha Merat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-9948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Merat","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leeds,Institute for Transport Studies,Leeds,UK,LS2 9JT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leeds,Institute for Transport Studies,Leeds,UK,LS2 9JT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101506146","display_name":"Christian Berger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-1150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881427289","display_name":"University of Gothenburg","ror":"https://ror.org/01tm6cn81","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Gothenburg,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Sweden","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Gothenburg,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100458129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881427289"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90863053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.8589396476745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5726518034934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.5210661292076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19511017203330994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.8589396476745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5726518034934998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.5210661292076111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19511017203330994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186616","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186616","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:537817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/537817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4486397745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R008833/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1600050098","https://openalex.org/W1896053897","https://openalex.org/W2001393320","https://openalex.org/W2043446529","https://openalex.org/W2065233410","https://openalex.org/W2110775598","https://openalex.org/W2565986202","https://openalex.org/W2610284122","https://openalex.org/W2883770893","https://openalex.org/W2885800163","https://openalex.org/W2894560591","https://openalex.org/W2963697717","https://openalex.org/W2968524820","https://openalex.org/W2991484432","https://openalex.org/W3010309798","https://openalex.org/W3012699789","https://openalex.org/W3089121706","https://openalex.org/W3111649804","https://openalex.org/W3119361198","https://openalex.org/W3129163909","https://openalex.org/W3159019800","https://openalex.org/W3184613852","https://openalex.org/W3197624181","https://openalex.org/W3199851516","https://openalex.org/W4226512930","https://openalex.org/W4281490571","https://openalex.org/W4285049144","https://openalex.org/W4362600611","https://openalex.org/W6787194335","https://openalex.org/W6790308156","https://openalex.org/W6794742426","https://openalex.org/W6839087694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W566791342","https://openalex.org/W3136214354","https://openalex.org/W3172487415","https://openalex.org/W608736979","https://openalex.org/W631954924","https://openalex.org/W2148933895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predicting":[0],"pedestrian":[1,33,75,79],"behavior":[2,22,77],"when":[3,90],"interacting":[4,91],"with":[5,92,110,152,184],"vehicles":[6,93],"is":[7,23],"one":[8],"of":[9,17,38,47,163,170],"the":[10,15,36,42,106,111,122,137,153,161,168],"most":[11],"critical":[12],"challenges":[13],"in":[14,62,181],"field":[16],"automated":[18],"driving.":[19],"Pedestrian":[20],"crossing":[21,76,80,82,87],"influenced":[24],"by":[25,128,147],"various":[26],"interaction":[27,64,107,164],"factors,":[28,165],"including":[29,78],"time":[30,84],"to":[31,73],"arrival,":[32],"waiting":[34],"time,":[35],"presence":[37],"zebra":[39],"crossing,":[40],"and":[41,44,50,86,104,125,130,145,149,166],"properties":[43],"personality":[45],"traits":[46],"both":[48],"pedestrians":[49],"drivers.":[51],"However,":[52],"these":[53],"factors":[54],"have":[55,159],"not":[56],"been":[57],"fully":[58],"explored":[59],"for":[60,102,143,178],"use":[61,70],"predicting":[63,103],"outcomes.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67],"paper,":[68],"we":[69,158],"machine":[71],"learning":[72],"predict":[74],"decision,":[81],"initiation":[83],"(CIT),":[85],"duration":[88],"(CD)":[89],"at":[94],"unsignalized":[95],"crossings.":[96],"Distributed":[97],"simulator":[98],"data":[99],"are":[100],"utilized":[101],"analyzing":[105],"factors.":[108,174],"Compared":[109],"logistic":[112],"regression":[113,155],"baseline":[114],"model,":[115],"our":[116],"proposed":[117],"neural":[118],"network":[119],"model":[120,134,179],"improves":[121],"prediction":[123],"accuracy":[124],"F1":[126],"score":[127],"4.46%":[129],"3.23%,":[131],"respectively.":[132],"Our":[133],"also":[135],"reduces":[136],"root":[138],"mean":[139],"squared":[140],"error":[141],"(RMSE)":[142],"CIT":[144],"CD":[146],"21.56%":[148],"30.14%":[150],"compared":[151],"linear":[154],"model.":[156],"Additionally,":[157],"analyzed":[160],"importance":[162],"present":[167],"results":[169],"models":[171],"using":[172],"fewer":[173],"This":[175],"provides":[176],"information":[177],"selection":[180],"different":[182],"scenarios":[183],"limited":[185],"input":[186],"features.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}