{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385360632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186584","title":"Explainable Driver Activity Recognition Using Video Transformer in Highly Automated Vehicle","display_name":"Explainable Driver Activity Recognition Using Video Transformer in Highly Automated Vehicle","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385360632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039625631","display_name":"Akash Sonth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akash Sonth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Bradley Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Bradley Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080208733","display_name":"Abhijit Sarkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0525-5240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387930269","display_name":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05953j253","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387930269","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijit Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech Transportation Institute,Blacksburg,VA,USA","Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute,Blacksburg,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387930269","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387930269","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092564047","display_name":"Hirva Bhagat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirva Bhagat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Department of Computer Science,Blacksburg,VA,USA","Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Department of Computer Science,Blacksburg,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049122595","display_name":"Lynn Abbott","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynn Abbott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech,Bradley Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech,Bradley Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering,Blacksburg,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71640924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.796260416507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6118680834770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6101447343826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6025177836418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5034777522087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4421135485172272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.43207743763923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12101075053215027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.796260416507721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6118680834770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6101447343826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6025177836418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5034777522087097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4421135485172272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.43207743763923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12101075053215027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186584","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55152.2023.10186584","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506576353","https://openalex.org/W2507009361","https://openalex.org/W2524365899","https://openalex.org/W2619947201","https://openalex.org/W2625366777","https://openalex.org/W2802559549","https://openalex.org/W2905239410","https://openalex.org/W2912346386","https://openalex.org/W2962835718","https://openalex.org/W2986674040","https://openalex.org/W2990503944","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3126721948","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3153945523","https://openalex.org/W4214612132","https://openalex.org/W4214614183","https://openalex.org/W4214727094","https://openalex.org/W4285290249","https://openalex.org/W4304479854","https://openalex.org/W4308080819","https://openalex.org/W4308871916","https://openalex.org/W4311557996","https://openalex.org/W4312560592","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6750986372","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6790307280","https://openalex.org/W6847610949","https://openalex.org/W6955071965","https://openalex.org/W6963811058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4200173597","https://openalex.org/W3116150086","https://openalex.org/W2999805992","https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W4291897433","https://openalex.org/W4223943233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distracted":[0],"driving":[1],"is":[2,33,194,215],"one":[3,135],"of":[4,8,15,25,115,128,136,150,162,171,180],"the":[5,12,23,112,126,147,159,172,177,181,188,203,210],"leading":[6],"causes":[7],"road":[9],"accidents.":[10],"With":[11],"recent":[13,76],"introduction":[14],"advanced":[16],"driver":[17,26,80],"assistance":[18],"systems":[19,41],"and":[20,46,64,84,118,184,200,202],"L2":[21],"vehicles,":[22],"role":[24],"attention":[27,178,205],"has":[28],"gained":[29],"renewed":[30],"interest.":[31],"It":[32],"imperative":[34],"for":[35,72],"vehicle":[36],"manufacturers":[37],"to":[38,68,91,109,157],"develop":[39,69],"robust":[40],"that":[42],"can":[43,154],"identify":[44],"distractions":[45],"aid":[47],"in":[48,52,98,187,209],"preventing":[49],"such":[50],"accidents":[51],"highly":[53],"automated":[54],"vehicles.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"mainly":[58],"focuses":[59],"on":[60,120,131],"studying":[61,176],"secondary":[62,81,164],"behaviors,":[63],"their":[65,96],"relative":[66],"complexity":[67],"a":[70,78,139,151],"guide":[71],"auto":[73],"manufacturers.":[74],"In":[75],"years,":[77],"few":[79],"action":[82],"datasets":[83],"deep":[85,105],"learning":[86,106],"algorithms":[87],"have":[88],"been":[89],"created":[90],"address":[92],"this":[93],"problem.":[94],"Despite":[95],"success":[97],"many":[99],"domains,":[100],"Convolutional":[101],"Neural":[102],"Network":[103],"based":[104],"methods":[107],"struggle":[108],"fully":[110],"consider":[111],"overall":[113],"context":[114],"an":[116],"image,":[117],"focus":[119],"specific":[121],"image":[122],"features.":[123],"We":[124,143],"present":[125],"use":[127],"Video":[129],"Transformers":[130],"two":[132],"challenging":[133],"datasets,":[134],"them":[137],"being":[138],"grayscale":[140],"low-quality":[141],"dataset.":[142],"also":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"how":[146],"novel":[148],"concept":[149],"Visual":[152],"Dictionary":[153],"be":[155],"used":[156],"understand":[158],"structural":[160],"components":[161,170],"any":[163],"behavior.":[165],"Finally,":[166],"we":[167],"validate":[168],"different":[169],"visual":[173],"dictionary":[174],"by":[175],"modules":[179],"transformer-based":[182],"model":[183],"incorporating":[185],"explainability":[186],"computer":[189],"vision":[190],"model.":[191],"An":[192],"activity":[193],"decomposed":[195],"into":[196],"multiple":[197],"small":[198],"actions":[199],"attributes":[201],"corresponding":[204],"patches":[206],"are":[207],"highlighted":[208],"input":[211],"frame.":[212],"Our":[213],"code":[214],"available":[216],"at":[217],"github.com/VTTI/driver-secondary-action-recognition":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}