{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221138616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv51971.2022.9827042","title":"A Comparative Study of Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Transferable Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles","display_name":"A Comparative Study of Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Transferable Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221138616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv51971.2022.9827042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv51971.2022.9827042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv51971.2022.9827042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605370","display_name":"2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.tudelft.nl/file/File_d7dee1eb-d207-4849-8e8b-296288ed7835","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102592809","display_name":"Jingyi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6474-2695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042718225","display_name":"Zirui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-4264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["CN","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zirui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology,Department of Transport and Planning,Delft,The Netherlands,2628 CD","School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology,Department of Transport and Planning,Delft,The Netherlands,2628 CD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102746398","display_name":"Li Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-8208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686325","display_name":"Junyi Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3929-6040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyi Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042487451","display_name":"Qi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9941-4160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754736","display_name":"Yanan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7766-6005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology,School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing,China,100081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"470","last_page":"477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8778356313705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7515525817871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6897294521331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5668672919273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5509369969367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5389907956123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.45233771204948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44785386323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3653923571109772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07692644000053406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8778356313705444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7515525817871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6897294521331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5668672919273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5509369969367981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5389907956123352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.45233771204948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44785386323928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3653923571109772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07692644000053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iv51971.2022.9827042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iv51971.2022.9827042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605370","display_name":"2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:0d12bcd8-cae2-4836-95b9-f50bc8abd404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0d12bcd8-cae2-4836-95b9-f50bc8abd404","pdf_url":"https://repository.tudelft.nl/file/File_d7dee1eb-d207-4849-8e8b-296288ed7835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:0d12bcd8-cae2-4836-95b9-f50bc8abd404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0d12bcd8-cae2-4836-95b9-f50bc8abd404","pdf_url":"https://repository.tudelft.nl/file/File_d7dee1eb-d207-4849-8e8b-296288ed7835","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221138616.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4221138616.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017957151","https://openalex.org/W2018424543","https://openalex.org/W2029515813","https://openalex.org/W2046796127","https://openalex.org/W2048282496","https://openalex.org/W2110442347","https://openalex.org/W2118412444","https://openalex.org/W2123953888","https://openalex.org/W2623491082","https://openalex.org/W2735199193","https://openalex.org/W2752306854","https://openalex.org/W2784682362","https://openalex.org/W2785542505","https://openalex.org/W2801441281","https://openalex.org/W2909696589","https://openalex.org/W2920406591","https://openalex.org/W2936616423","https://openalex.org/W2944967058","https://openalex.org/W2960188294","https://openalex.org/W2970352618","https://openalex.org/W2971328465","https://openalex.org/W2973588514","https://openalex.org/W2990517290","https://openalex.org/W3009193590","https://openalex.org/W3033556475","https://openalex.org/W3083537897","https://openalex.org/W3083693164","https://openalex.org/W3085267010","https://openalex.org/W3086953995","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3134389734","https://openalex.org/W3184563094","https://openalex.org/W3197248161","https://openalex.org/W6739193204","https://openalex.org/W6748398410","https://openalex.org/W6782854043","https://openalex.org/W6783144354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W3049728571","https://openalex.org/W20361778","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"deep":[1,46],"reinforcement":[2,47],"learning-based":[3],"energy":[4],"management":[5],"strategies":[6],"(EMS)":[7],"have":[8],"become":[9],"a":[10,31],"promising":[11],"solution":[12],"for":[13,127],"hybrid":[14],"electric":[15],"vehicles":[16],"(HEVs).":[17],"When":[18],"driving":[19],"cycles":[20],"are":[21,90],"changed,":[22],"the":[23,61,66,69,96,106,119,123,135,139],"neural":[24],"network":[25,67,107],"will":[26],"be":[27],"retrained,":[28],"which":[29,53],"is":[30,43,112,130,154],"time-consuming":[32],"and":[33,86,115,145],"laborious":[34],"task.":[35],"A":[36],"more":[37,113],"efficient":[38],"way":[39],"of":[40,57,68,79,141],"choosing":[41],"EMS":[42,129],"to":[44,60,131],"combine":[45],"learning":[48,98],"(DRL)":[49],"with":[50],"transfer":[51,55,97],"learning,":[52],"can":[54],"knowledge":[56],"one":[58],"domain":[59,71],"other":[62,94],"new":[63,70],"domain,":[64],"making":[65],"reach":[72],"convergence":[73],"values":[74],"quickly.":[75],"Different":[76],"exploration":[77,125],"methods":[78],"DRL,":[80],"including":[81],"adding":[82],"action":[83,142],"space":[84,88,110,143,147],"noise":[85,111,133,144,148],"parameter":[87,109,136,146],"noise,":[89],"compared":[91],"against":[92],"each":[93],"in":[95,100,134],"process":[99],"this":[101],"work.":[102],"Results":[103],"indicate":[104],"that":[105],"added":[108],"stable":[114],"faster":[116],"convergent":[117],"than":[118],"others.":[120],"In":[121],"conclusion,":[122],"best":[124],"method":[126],"transferable":[128],"add":[132],"space,":[137],"while":[138],"combination":[140],"generally":[149],"performs":[150],"poorly.":[151],"Our":[152],"code":[153],"available":[155],"at":[156],"https://github.com/BIT-XJY/RL-based-Transferable-EMS.git.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}